HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Questions
1. The nurse is caring for a child with cystic fibrosis. The nurse would anticipate that the child would be deficient in which vitamins?
- A. B, D, and K
- B. A, D, and K
- C. A, C, and D
- D. A, B, and C
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Children with cystic fibrosis often have difficulty absorbing fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and K) due to pancreatic insufficiency, making supplementation necessary. Choice A (B, D, and K) is incorrect because vitamin A deficiency is not commonly associated with cystic fibrosis. Choice C (A, C, and D) is incorrect as vitamin C deficiency is not typically related to cystic fibrosis. Choice D (A, B, and C) is incorrect as vitamin B deficiencies are not commonly seen in cystic fibrosis but rather fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies.
2. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being discharged with home oxygen therapy. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will keep my oxygen tank upright at all times.
- B. I will not use petroleum jelly to keep my nose from drying out.
- C. I will not smoke or allow others to smoke around me.
- D. I will call my doctor if I have difficulty breathing.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Petroleum jelly is flammable and should not be used with oxygen therapy due to the risk of fire. The client should avoid using petroleum-based products around oxygen equipment. Choices A, C, and D are all appropriate statements for a client with COPD receiving home oxygen therapy. Keeping the oxygen tank upright ensures proper oxygen flow, avoiding smoking or exposure to smoke helps prevent respiratory aggravation, and knowing to seek medical help promptly for breathing difficulties is essential for managing COPD effectively.
3. Which of the following is an example of a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases?
- A. Age
- B. Gender
- C. Genetic predisposition
- D. Physical inactivity
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases because individuals have control over their level of physical activity. By increasing physical activity, the risk of chronic diseases can be reduced. Choices A, B, and C are not modifiable risk factors: Age is a non-modifiable factor, gender is a biological characteristic, and genetic predisposition is inherent and cannot be altered.
4. The client diagnosed with HIV is taught by the nurse that the condition is transmitted through
- A. the infection passed from a mother to her baby
- B. Tears
- C. human bites
- D. insect bites
Correct answer: A
Rationale: HIV can be transmitted from a mother to her baby during childbirth or breastfeeding, making choice A the correct answer. Tears, human bites, and insect bites are not common modes of HIV transmission. While human bites can potentially transmit the virus, it is less common compared to mother-to-child transmission.
5. The LPN/LVN is caring for a client who has been prescribed lithium carbonate. What is the most important instruction for the nurse to provide?
- A. Take the medication with food to avoid stomach upset.
- B. Do not change your salt intake while on this medication.
- C. Drink plenty of water and maintain a consistent salt intake.
- D. Avoid excessive intake of caffeine while on this medication.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most important instruction for a client prescribed lithium carbonate is not to change their salt intake. Alterations in sodium levels can impact lithium levels, leading to an increased risk of toxicity. Choice A is not crucial for lithium carbonate administration. While hydration is essential, maintaining a consistent salt intake is more critical than just increasing water intake (Choice C). Although caffeine can interact with lithium, it is not as important as maintaining a consistent salt intake (Choice D).