Nursing Elites

1. A client asks the nurse about including her 2 and 12-year-old sons in the care of their newborn sister. Which of the following is an appropriate initial statement by the nurse?

• A. Focus on your sons' needs during the first days at home.
• B. Tell each child what he can do to help with the baby.
• C. Suggest that your husband spend more time with the boys.
• D. Ask the children what they would like to do for the newborn.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Focusing on the older children's needs during the initial days at home is crucial as it helps them feel secure and valued during the transition. This approach allows the children to adjust to the new family dynamics and feel included in the care of their newborn sister. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on tasks rather than addressing the children's emotional needs. Choice C is not the initial step and does not involve directly addressing the children's needs. Choice D puts the decision-making burden on the children rather than providing guidance and support.

2. A Hispanic client refuses emergency room treatment until a curandero is called. The nurse understands that this person brings what to situations of illness?

• A. Holistic healing
• B. Spiritual advising
• C. Herbal preparations
• D. Witchcraft potions

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A curandero practices holistic healing, which includes addressing the physical, spiritual, and emotional aspects of illness. Choice A is correct because holistic healing aligns with the curandero's approach. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while spiritual advising, herbal preparations, and witchcraft potions may be part of some cultural healing practices, they do not fully capture the comprehensive nature of holistic healing provided by a curandero.

3. A client has just returned to the medical-surgical unit following a segmental lung resection. After assessing the client, the first nursing action would be to:

• A. Administer pain medication
• B. Suction excessive tracheobronchial secretions
• C. Assist the client to turn, deep breathe, and cough
• D. Monitor oxygen saturation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: After a segmental lung resection, the priority nursing action should be to suction excessive tracheobronchial secretions. This helps in preventing airway obstruction from secretions, ensuring the patency of the airway and optimizing respiratory function. Administering pain medication can be important but addressing airway clearance takes precedence. Assisting the client to turn, deep breathe, and cough is essential for respiratory hygiene but not the first action immediately post-op. Monitoring oxygen saturation is crucial, but ensuring airway clearance is the priority to prevent complications.

4. Which of the following is the most effective way to prevent the spread of communicable diseases in a community?

• A. Regular health check-ups
• B. Isolation of infected individuals
• C. Immunization programs
• D. Public health education

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Immunization programs are the most effective way to prevent the spread of communicable diseases. Vaccinations help build immunity against specific diseases, reducing the likelihood of an outbreak. Regular health check-ups (Choice A) are important for individual health but do not directly prevent the spread of diseases on a community level. Isolation of infected individuals (Choice B) is a containment measure rather than prevention for the entire community. Public health education (Choice D) is valuable in raising awareness but may not be as effective as immunization programs in directly preventing the spread of communicable diseases.

5. Which of the following is an example of a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases?

• A. Age
• B. Gender
• C. Genetic predisposition
• D. Physical inactivity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for chronic diseases because individuals have control over their level of physical activity. By increasing physical activity, the risk of chronic diseases can be reduced. Choices A, B, and C are not modifiable risk factors: Age is a non-modifiable factor, gender is a biological characteristic, and genetic predisposition is inherent and cannot be altered.

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