Nursing Elites

1. BCG vaccine is supplied in:

• A. freeze-dried form in a sealed glass ampule
• B. liquid form in a sealed glass ampule
• C. liquid form in a vial
• D. both 2 and 3

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. BCG vaccine is commonly supplied in freeze-dried form, not in liquid form. Therefore, choices B and C are incorrect. Option D is also incorrect as the vaccine is not supplied in liquid form in a glass ampule.

2. Mark, 9 months old, is given oral rehydration solution because of diarrhea with some dehydration. In your follow-up visit, you observed that Mark's eyes become puffy. Which one of the following would you advise Mark's mother?

• A. continue giving ORS but more slowly
• B. show mother how much solution to give
• C. stop ORS and give plain water or milk
• D. reassess patient to determine how much ORS to give

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, observing puffy eyes in a child being treated with oral rehydration solution may indicate fluid overload. Continuing to give ORS but more slowly is the correct course of action as it helps manage hydration without overloading fluids. Choice B is not the best option in this situation as the issue is not about the quantity of the solution, but the rate of administration. Choice C is incorrect because plain water or milk is not a suitable alternative for rehydration in cases of dehydration. Choice D is also incorrect as reassessing the patient does not directly address the issue of puffy eyes, which suggests a need to adjust the administration of ORS.

3. The client with atrial fibrillation is being taught about the use of Coumadin (warfarin) at home. Which of these should be emphasized to the client to avoid?

• A. Large indoor gatherings
• B. Exposure to sunlight
• C. Active physical exercise
• D. Foods rich in vitamin K

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Foods rich in vitamin K. Foods rich in vitamin K can interfere with the effectiveness of Coumadin (warfarin) by promoting blood clotting. It is crucial for clients on this medication to maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K and avoid sudden dietary changes. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are not directly related to the interaction of Coumadin (warfarin) with vitamin K. Large indoor gatherings, exposure to sunlight, and active physical exercise do not have a significant impact on the effectiveness of Coumadin (warfarin) in comparison to the interaction with foods rich in vitamin K.

4. Which of the following measures the risk of dying from causes related to pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium?

• A. maternal mortality
• B. neonatal death rate
• C. fetal death rate
• D. infant mortality rate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, maternal mortality. Maternal mortality specifically measures the risk of dying from pregnancy-related causes. Neonatal death rate, fetal death rate, and infant mortality rate focus on different populations and timeframes. Neonatal death rate refers to deaths within the first 28 days of life, fetal death rate measures stillbirths, and infant mortality rate includes deaths of infants under one year of age. Therefore, A is the most appropriate measure for assessing the risk of dying from causes related to pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium.

5. Which of the following statements about CHN is wrong?

• A. CHN synthesizes public health with nursing
• B. CHN emphasizes health
• C. Promoting clients' autonomy is a responsibility of public nursing
• D. CHN makes a unique contribution to health care not by the nature of its practice but where it is practiced

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The statement in option D is incorrect. The unique contribution of Community Health Nursing (CHN) is not only where it is practiced but also by the nature of its practice. CHN's distinct value lies in its approach to care delivery, focusing on preventive care, health promotion, and addressing the needs of specific communities. Options A and B are correct as CHN involves synthesizing public health principles with nursing practice and emphasizes holistic health. Option C is incorrect as promoting clients' autonomy is a fundamental aspect of community health nursing, respecting individuals' rights to make decisions about their health.

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