HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Practice Exam
1. The client with Raynaud's phenomenon would benefit most by which teaching intervention?
- A. Stop smoking
- B. Keep feet dry
- C. Reduce stress
- D. Avoid caffeine
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Stop smoking. Smoking causes vasoconstriction, worsening the symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon. Quitting smoking is crucial in managing this condition effectively. Choices B, C, and D are not as directly related to the pathophysiology of Raynaud's phenomenon. While keeping feet dry and reducing stress can be beneficial for overall health, they are not as directly linked to managing Raynaud's phenomenon as smoking cessation.
2. In the preparation of your health education plan, what is the first thing to do?
- A. Assess community needs for health education
- B. Identify the subjects for health teaching
- C. Specify your goals and objectives
- D. Identify who will provide support and the type of support to be provided
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess community needs for health education. This is the initial step in developing a health education plan as it helps in understanding the specific requirements of the community. Identifying subjects for teaching (choice B) comes after assessing needs. Specifying goals and objectives (choice C) is crucial but typically follows the assessment of community needs. Identifying support providers and types (choice D) is important but is not the first step in preparing a health education plan.
3. When providing oral care to an unconscious patient, what action should the nurse take to protect the patient from injury?
- A. Moisten the mouth using lemon-glycerin sponges.
- B. Hold the patient's mouth open with gloved fingers.
- C. Use foam swabs to help remove plaque.
- D. Suction the oral cavity.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When caring for an unconscious patient, it is crucial to prevent choking and aspiration. Suctioning the oral cavity helps in removing secretions and preventing potential harm. Moisten the mouth using lemon-glycerin sponges may not effectively clear secretions. Holding the patient's mouth open with gloved fingers can cause discomfort and potential harm. Using foam swabs to remove plaque may not address the immediate risk of aspiration.
4. A client is receiving discharge instructions for using a walker. Which statement indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will hire someone to trim the tree that hangs low over the stairs of my front porch.
- B. I will avoid using the walker on uneven surfaces.
- C. I will use the walker on stairs for added support.
- D. I will not need to make any changes to my home environment.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because hiring someone to trim low-hanging branches over stairs ensures home safety and reflects an understanding of walker use. This action indicates the client's awareness of potential hazards and the importance of a safe environment for walker use. Choice B is incorrect as avoiding uneven surfaces is a general safety precaution but does not directly relate to walker use and does not demonstrate an understanding of the teaching. Choice C is incorrect because using a walker on stairs is not recommended due to safety concerns such as balance and fall risks. Choice D is incorrect as making no changes to the home environment may pose safety risks when using a walker, showing a lack of understanding regarding safety precautions needed for walker use.
5. A healthcare professional is admitting a client who has decreased circulation in his left leg. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take first?
- A. Evaluate pedal pulses
- B. Assess skin temperature
- C. Check for capillary refill
- D. Measure the leg circumference
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Evaluating pedal pulses should be the first action taken as it provides immediate information about circulation. This assessment helps in determining the adequacy of blood flow in the client's leg. Assessing skin temperature, checking for capillary refill, and measuring leg circumference are important assessments; however, evaluating pedal pulses is the most crucial initial step in this scenario. Skin temperature assessment and capillary refill check can provide additional valuable information about perfusion, while measuring leg circumference is useful in monitoring for edema. Therefore, for a client with decreased circulation in the left leg, evaluating pedal pulses takes precedence over the other assessments.