Nursing Elites

1. Your friend Carrie took a daily supplement of vitamin C and tells you that she feels a lot better. Her statement to you is best described as what?

• A. an anecdote
• B. theory
• C. interpretation
• D. conclusion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'an anecdote.' An anecdote is a personal account or experience, not necessarily backed by scientific evidence. In this case, Carrie's statement about feeling better after taking vitamin C is based on her personal experience and does not constitute scientific evidence or a generalizable conclusion. Choice B, 'theory,' would imply a systematic explanation based on scientific evidence, which is not the case here. Choice C, 'interpretation,' typically involves explaining or understanding something based on available information, not a personal account. Choice D, 'conclusion,' would be a general statement derived from specific information or facts, which is not applicable in this context.

2. How should hydration status in a child with fever and vomiting be assessed?

• A. Monitor skin turgor and mucous membranes
• B. Measure blood glucose levels
• C. Check for signs of jaundice
• D. Assess respiratory rate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To assess hydration status in a child with fever and vomiting, monitoring skin turgor and mucous membranes is essential. Skin turgor refers to the skin's ability to change shape and return to normal; poor skin turgor can indicate dehydration. Mucous membranes, such as the mouth and eyes, can also provide valuable information about hydration levels. Measuring blood glucose levels (Choice B) is not directly related to assessing hydration status. Checking for signs of jaundice (Choice C) is important for liver-related issues, not hydration assessment. Assessing respiratory rate (Choice D) is crucial for evaluating respiratory function, not hydration status.

3. What is a key preventive measure for avoiding urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children?

• A. Restrict fluid intake
• B. Encourage frequent urination
• C. Use topical antibiotics
• D. Increase dietary calcium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Encouraging frequent urination is a key preventive measure for avoiding urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. It helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract, reducing the risk of UTIs. Restricting fluid intake (Choice A) is not recommended as it may lead to concentrated urine and increase the risk of UTIs. Using topical antibiotics (Choice C) is not a preventive measure for UTIs and should only be used under medical guidance. Increasing dietary calcium (Choice D) is not directly linked to preventing UTIs in children.

4. What is a common early sign of RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) in infants?

• A. High fever
• B. Nasal congestion
• C. Rash
• D. Jaundice

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nasal congestion is a common early sign of RSV in infants, often accompanied by cough and wheezing. High fever, rash, and jaundice are not typically associated with RSV. While RSV can lead to fever, it is usually not one of the earliest signs. Rash and jaundice are unrelated to RSV symptoms.

5. How does a double-blind experiment work?

• A. Both subject groups take turns receiving each treatment.
• B. Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group.
• C. Neither group of subjects knows whether they are in the control or experimental group, but the researchers do not know.
• D. Both subject groups know whether they are in the control or experimental group, but the researchers do not know.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In a double-blind experiment, neither the subjects nor the researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group. This helps to eliminate bias and ensure that the results are more objective. Choice A is incorrect as in a double-blind experiment, subjects do not take turns receiving each treatment; it is about masking the treatment allocation. Choice C is incorrect because it implies that the researchers are aware of the group allocation, which goes against the principle of blinding in a double-blind study. Choice D is incorrect as both subject groups should not know whether they are in the control or experimental group to maintain the blindness of the study.

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