Nursing Elites

1. What is the smallest amount of a nutrient that, when consumed over a prolonged period, maintains a specific function?

• A. nutrient allowance
• B. nutrient requirement
• C. nutrient tolerable limit
• D. nutrient adequate intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: nutrient requirement.' The nutrient requirement refers to the smallest amount of a nutrient that, when consumed over a prolonged period, maintains a specific function in the body. This amount ensures the body's optimal functioning and health. Choice A, 'nutrient allowance,' is incorrect as it does not specifically refer to the minimum amount needed for bodily functions but rather suggests a broader term. Choice C, 'nutrient tolerable limit,' is incorrect as it pertains to the maximum amount of a nutrient that can be consumed without adverse effects. Choice D, 'nutrient adequate intake,' is incorrect as it refers to the recommended average daily intake level of a nutrient to meet the requirements of most healthy individuals.

2. What is the study of how a person's genes interact with nutrients?

• A. genetic counseling
• B. nutritional genomics
• C. genetic metabolomics
• D. nutritional genetics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nutritional genomics, the correct answer, specifically focuses on how a person's genes interact with nutrients, affecting health and disease. Genetic counseling (choice A) refers to the process of helping people understand and adapt to the medical, psychological, and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease. Genetic metabolomics (choice C) combines genetic and metabolomic data to study metabolic pathways. Nutritional genetics (choice D) generally refers to the broader field of genetics as it relates to nutrition, while nutritional genomics, the most precise term, delves into the specific gene-nutrient interactions.

3. What is a common sign of iron-deficiency anemia in children?

• A. Yellowing of the skin
• B. Pallor and fatigue
• C. Rapid weight gain
• D. Increased appetite

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pallor and fatigue are common signs of iron-deficiency anemia in children. Iron-deficiency anemia is characterized by a decreased production of red blood cells, leading to a paler appearance (pallor) and increased fatigue due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. Yellowing of the skin (choice A) is more commonly associated with liver or bile duct issues. Rapid weight gain (choice C) and increased appetite (choice D) are not typical signs of iron-deficiency anemia.

4. What action should be taken for a 2-year-old with laryngotracheobronchitis in an oxygen tent?

• A. Restrain the child and notify the healthcare provider
• B. Increase the oxygen concentration
• C. Take the child to the playroom
• D. Ask the mother to help in comforting the child

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In laryngotracheobronchitis (croup), a child may become restless due to poor oxygenation. Increasing the oxygen concentration in the oxygen tent is crucial to improve oxygenation levels and manage symptoms effectively. Restraint is not appropriate in this situation, as it may cause distress and worsen the child's condition. Taking the child to the playroom is not indicated when the child requires oxygen therapy. While comforting the child is important, the priority in this scenario is to optimize oxygen delivery to improve respiratory distress.

5. What is a common side effect of the antibiotic tetracycline in children?

• A. Discoloration of teeth
• B. Increased appetite
• C. Elevated blood glucose levels
• D. Decreased bone density

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Discoloration of teeth is a well-known side effect of tetracycline, especially when administered to children below 8 years of age. Tetracycline can bind to calcium ions in developing teeth, causing them to become discolored and appear yellow or brown. Increased appetite, elevated blood glucose levels, and decreased bone density are not commonly associated with the use of tetracycline in children, making them incorrect choices.

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