which patient is at greatest risk for papilledema

HESI LPN

Leadership and Management HESI Test Bank

1. Which patient is at greatest risk for papilledema?

A. An elderly patient with cataracts and macular degeneration
B. A male patient with hypothyroidism
C. A male patient with hyperthyroidism
D. An adolescent with a closed head injury

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An adolescent with a closed head injury is at the highest risk for papilledema due to increased intracranial pressure. Papilledema is often a consequence of elevated intracranial pressure, which can occur in conditions like head trauma. Choices A, B, and C do not directly correlate with an increased risk of papilledema compared to a closed head injury, which is more likely to lead to elevated intracranial pressure and subsequent papilledema.

2. Nurse Andy has finished teaching a client with diabetes mellitus how to administer insulin. He evaluates the learning has occurred when the client makes which statement?

A. I should check my blood sugar immediately prior to the administration.
B. I should provide direct pressure over the site following the injection.
C. I should use the abdominal area only for insulin injections.
D. I should only use a calibrated insulin syringe for the injections.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because using a calibrated insulin syringe is crucial for accurate dosing when administering insulin. Choice A is incorrect because checking blood sugar before administration is essential but not the specific evaluation of learning in this context. Choice B is incorrect as applying direct pressure over the injection site is not a key indicator of learning about insulin administration. Choice C is incorrect as insulin injections can also be administered in other sites like the thigh or arm; it is not limited to the abdominal area.

3. Which manifestation should the nurse expect to assess in a patient with fluid volume deficit?

A. Headache and muscle cramps
B. Dyspnea and respiratory crackles
C. Increased pulse rate and blood pressure
D. Orthostatic hypotension and flat neck veins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Orthostatic hypotension and flat neck veins are classic manifestations of fluid volume deficit. When the body loses fluid, blood volume decreases, leading to decreased venous return to the heart, resulting in orthostatic hypotension and flat neck veins. Choices A, B, and C are more indicative of other conditions such as dehydration, respiratory issues, or compensatory mechanisms in response to hypovolemia, respectively.

4. Insulin forces which of the following electrolytes out of the plasma and into the cells?

A. Calcium
B. Magnesium
C. Phosphorus
D. Potassium

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Insulin forces potassium out of the plasma and into the cells, which can cause hypokalemia. This is because insulin enhances the activity of the sodium-potassium pump in cell membranes, promoting the movement of potassium from the extracellular fluid into the cells. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as insulin does not directly influence the movement of calcium, magnesium, or phosphorus in the same manner as it does with potassium.

5. What is the role of a nurse in patient education?

A. Providing patients with necessary information to manage their health
B. Limiting information to prevent confusion
C. Using complex medical terminology
D. Discouraging questions from patients

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Providing patients with necessary information to manage their health. Nurses play a crucial role in patient education by offering essential information to help patients understand and manage their health conditions. This empowers patients to make informed decisions about their health and improve their overall well-being. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Limiting information would hinder patient understanding and decision-making, using complex medical terminology can confuse patients, and discouraging questions goes against the essence of patient education.