Nursing Elites

1. Which of these statements by the nurse is incorrect to use to reinforce information about cancers to a group of young adults?

• A. "You can reduce your risk of this serious type of stomach cancer by eating lots of fruits and vegetables, limiting red meat, and avoiding nitrate-containing foods."
• B. "Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in American men, impacting sexuality and life quality."
• C. "Colorectal cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States."
• D. "Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. However, it is the most preventable of all cancers."

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The corrected statement in choice A emphasizes limiting red meat for the prevention of stomach cancer, which is more accurate than avoiding all meats. By focusing on red meat specifically, it provides clearer guidance to young adults. Choice B is not the correct answer as it provides accurate information about prostate cancer being the most common cancer in American men and its impact on sexuality and life quality. Choice C is also a valid statement, correctly highlighting colorectal cancer as the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Choice D provides accurate information about lung cancer being the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and emphasizes its preventability among cancers, making it a valid statement for reinforcing information about cancers to young adults.

2. From January 1 to 15, 1996, there were 8 cases of Tetanus neonatorum in San Lazaro Hospital. There were two deaths. What is the case fatality ratio of this disease?

• A. 20%
• B. 30%
• C. 28%
• D. 25%

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The case fatality ratio is calculated as (deaths/cases) * 100. In this case, there were 2 deaths out of 8 cases. Therefore, the calculation is (2/8) * 100 = 25%. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not match the correct calculation.

3. What is an important basis in preparing the family health care plan?

• A. Needs and problems gathered and recognized by the nurse herself
• B. Data gathered from the health center
• C. Needs and problems as seen and accepted by the family
• D. Needs as expected by the midwife assigned in the area where the family resides

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In preparing a family health care plan, it is crucial to consider the needs and problems as perceived and accepted by the family members themselves. This ensures that the plan aligns with the family's beliefs, values, and preferences, leading to better acceptance and adherence. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the active involvement and acceptance of the family in recognizing their needs and problems are essential for effective health care planning.

4. BCG vaccine is supplied in:

• A. freeze-dried form in a sealed glass ampule
• B. liquid form in a sealed glass ampule
• C. liquid form in a vial
• D. both 2 and 3

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. BCG vaccine is commonly supplied in freeze-dried form, not in liquid form. Therefore, choices B and C are incorrect. Option D is also incorrect as the vaccine is not supplied in liquid form in a glass ampule.

5. The nurse is teaching a community group about risks of cardiovascular disease. Several clients ask the nurse to determine their risk. Which client should the nurse identify as having the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease?

• A. A male with a serum cholesterol level of 199 mg/dl.
• B. A female with a serum cholesterol level of 201 mg/dl.
• C. A male with a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 200 mg/dl.
• D. A female with a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 160 mg/dl.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. A male with a high LDL level (200 mg/dl) has a significant risk for cardiovascular disease. High levels of LDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease. Choices A, B, and D have serum cholesterol levels that are slightly elevated but are not as specific or directly linked to cardiovascular risk as high LDL levels. Therefore, the client with the high LDL level is at the greatest risk for cardiovascular disease.

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