which of these statements by the nurse is incorrect to use to reinforce information about cancers to a group of young adults

HESI LPN

Community Health HESI Questions

1. Which of these statements by the nurse is incorrect to use to reinforce information about cancers to a group of young adults?

A. "You can reduce your risk of this serious type of stomach cancer by eating lots of fruits and vegetables, limiting red meat, and avoiding nitrate-containing foods."
B. "Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in American men, impacting sexuality and life quality."
C. "Colorectal cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States."
D. "Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. However, it is the most preventable of all cancers."

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The corrected statement in choice A emphasizes limiting red meat for the prevention of stomach cancer, which is more accurate than avoiding all meats. By focusing on red meat specifically, it provides clearer guidance to young adults. Choice B is not the correct answer as it provides accurate information about prostate cancer being the most common cancer in American men and its impact on sexuality and life quality. Choice C is also a valid statement, correctly highlighting colorectal cancer as the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Choice D provides accurate information about lung cancer being the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States and emphasizes its preventability among cancers, making it a valid statement for reinforcing information about cancers to young adults.

2. You are teaching a client about the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) planned for post-operative care. Which statement indicates further teaching may be needed by the client?

A. ''I will be receiving continuous doses of medication.''
B. ''I should call the nurse before I take additional doses.''
C. ''I will call for assistance if my pain is not relieved.''
D. ''The machine will prevent an overdose.''

Correct answer: B

Rationale: PCA allows patients to self-administer pain medication within prescribed limits, without the need to call the nurse before taking an additional dose. Choice B suggests a misunderstanding of how PCA works, as the patient should be educated that they can self-administer doses within the safety parameters set by the healthcare provider. Choices A, C, and D demonstrate proper understanding of PCA, hence are not indicative of needing further teaching.

3. What is the focus of health promotion activities?

A. Treating existing health conditions
B. Preventing the onset of disease
C. Providing palliative care
D. Conducting clinical trials

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Preventing the onset of disease. Health promotion activities aim to prevent illnesses and promote overall well-being through education, lifestyle changes, and preventive measures. Choice A is incorrect as health promotion is not primarily about treating existing health conditions but rather preventing them. Choice C is incorrect because palliative care focuses on providing relief and comfort to patients with serious illnesses, not on preventing diseases. Choice D is also incorrect as conducting clinical trials is a research activity to test new treatments or interventions, not a focus of health promotion.

4. A nurse manager is using the technique of brainstorming to help solve a problem. One nurse criticizes another nurse’s contribution and begins to find objections to the suggestion. The nurse manager's best response is to

A. Let’s move on to a new action that deals with the problem.
B. I think you need to reserve judgment until after all suggestions are offered.
C. Very well thought out. Your analytic skills and interest are incredible.
D. Let’s move to the ‘what if…’ as related to these objections for an exploration of spin-off ideas.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Encouraging the group to explore 'what if' scenarios based on the objections helps to maintain a positive and creative brainstorming atmosphere, while also validating the concerns raised by the nurse. Choice A is dismissive and does not address the issue at hand. Choice B suggests postponing judgment, which may not resolve the tension caused by the criticism. Choice C is complimentary but does not address the critical feedback provided by the nurse, missing an opportunity to turn objections into opportunities for further exploration.

5. What does the nurse perform to determine the family nursing problems/needs?

A. goal setting
B. family health care plan formulation
C. assessment
D. evaluation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: assessment. Assessment is the initial step in identifying family nursing problems/needs. During assessment, the nurse collects data to understand the family's health status, strengths, weaknesses, and potential areas for intervention. This process helps in developing an accurate picture of the family's situation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because goal setting, family health care plan formulation, and evaluation come after the assessment phase. Goal setting occurs once the issues are identified, the family health care plan is developed based on assessment findings, and evaluation is the final step to assess the effectiveness of the interventions implemented.