Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is preparing to administer a tuberculosis (TB) test to a client. Which of the following is the correct method for administering this test?

• A. Intradermal injection on the forearm
• B. Subcutaneous injection on the upper arm
• C. Intramuscular injection on the deltoid
• D. Oral administration

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct method for administering a tuberculosis (TB) test is through an intradermal injection on the forearm. This technique allows for the proper administration of the test under the skin to assess the body's response to the TB antigen. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the TB test specifically requires an intradermal injection, not subcutaneous, intramuscular, or oral administration.

2. The milk code aims to ensure that:

• A. the public receives accurate information about breastmilk and breastfeeding
• B. health workers do not provide samples of infant formula to pregnant women or mothers of infants
• C. companies consistently recognize the superiority of breastmilk
• D. health workers do not accept any incentives from milk companies

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the milk code emphasizes that companies should always acknowledge the superiority of breastmilk over formula. Choice A is incorrect because the focus is not on the public receiving information, but rather on companies recognizing breastmilk's superiority. Choice B is incorrect as it addresses health workers' actions, not the companies' behavior. Choice D is incorrect as the milk code is primarily concerned with regulating companies' practices, not health workers' acceptance of incentives.

3. As a client who is terminally ill has been receiving high doses of an opioid analgesic for the past month and becomes unresponsive to verbal stimuli as death approaches, what orders would the nurse expect from the healthcare provider?

• A. Decrease the analgesic dosage by half
• B. Discontinue the analgesic
• C. Continue the same analgesic dosage
• D. Prescribe a less potent drug

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Continuing the same dosage of analgesic is appropriate to manage pain effectively as death nears and the client becomes unresponsive. The primary goal of palliative care in end-of-life situations is to ensure comfort, regardless of the client's level of consciousness. Decreasing the analgesic dosage or discontinuing it could lead to inadequate pain relief, which goes against the principles of palliative care. Prescribing a less potent drug may also compromise pain management in this critical stage. Therefore, maintaining the same analgesic dosage is the most appropriate action to provide comfort and alleviate suffering.

4. Community health nurses help influence the health of communities through which of the following actions?

• A. legislating health behavior
• B. recording health status of individuals in a similar geographic region
• C. influencing health status and behavior, and engaging in health promotion
• D. none of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Community health nurses play a crucial role in influencing the health of communities by engaging in health promotion activities and influencing health behaviors. Choice A is incorrect as community health nurses do not legislate health behavior but rather educate and promote healthy behaviors. Choice B is incorrect as while community health nurses may record health data, their main focus is on proactive health promotion and intervention, not just documenting health status. Choice D is incorrect because community health nurses actively work to influence health status and behaviors.

5. When a nurse teaches a community about the importance of hand hygiene, the nurse is engaging in:

• A. Primary prevention
• B. Secondary prevention
• C. Tertiary prevention
• D. Quaternary prevention

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or injury before it happens. Teaching about hand hygiene to the community helps in preventing infections from occurring in the first place. Choice B, Secondary prevention, involves early detection and treatment to halt or slow the progress of a condition. This would involve screening or early intervention after exposure. Choice C, Tertiary prevention, focuses on managing the disease to prevent complications, recurrence, or deterioration. This would include rehabilitation and monitoring to prevent further complications. Choice D, Quaternary prevention, relates to actions taken to avoid unnecessary interventions or over-medicalization. This usually involves questioning the necessity of certain medical procedures or treatments to prevent harm to patients.

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