HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Exam
1. Community Health Nursing (CHN) in the Philippines encompasses healthcare provisions affecting four clients: individuals, families, population groups, and communities. In the course of our community health work, traditional, non-traditional, alternative, or complementary health care strategies are utilized. The legal basis for this action may be derived from the:
- A. PhilHealth Act
- B. Traditional and Alternative Health Care Law
- C. Philippine Nursing Act
- D. Philippine Medical Act
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Traditional and Alternative Health Care Law. This law provides the legal basis for integrating alternative health care strategies. The PhilHealth Act (Choice A) focuses on health insurance, the Philippine Nursing Act (Choice C) regulates the nursing profession, and the Philippine Medical Act (Choice D) pertains to the medical profession. These laws are not directly related to the integration of traditional, non-traditional, alternative, or complementary health care strategies in community health work.
2. A client with a history of heart failure is admitted with weight gain and peripheral edema. Which medication should the LPN/LVN anticipate being prescribed?
- A. Lisinopril (Zestril)
- B. Furosemide (Lasix)
- C. Metoprolol (Lopressor)
- D. Simvastatin (Zocor)
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) is the correct answer. In a client with heart failure experiencing weight gain and peripheral edema, the priority is to manage fluid overload. Furosemide is a loop diuretic commonly prescribed to reduce excess fluid in heart failure patients. Lisinopril (Zestril) is an ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension and heart failure but does not directly address fluid overload. Metoprolol (Lopressor) is a beta-blocker that helps manage heart failure symptoms but does not primarily target fluid retention. Simvastatin (Zocor) is a statin used to lower cholesterol levels and is not indicated for managing fluid overload in heart failure.
3. Which of the following is a common barrier to effective communication in healthcare?
- A. Active listening
- B. Cultural differences
- C. Clear language
- D. Empathy
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Cultural differences are a common barrier to effective communication in healthcare. When individuals from different cultures interact in healthcare settings, varying communication styles, beliefs, values, and language barriers can hinder effective communication. This can lead to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and ultimately impact the quality of care provided. Active listening (choice A) is a communication skill that helps improve understanding and can actually enhance communication. Clear language (choice C) is essential for effective communication and can help overcome barriers, rather than being a barrier itself. Empathy (choice D) is important in healthcare to understand patients' emotions and perspectives, but it is not a common barrier to effective communication.
4. Select the nursing interventions for a hospitalized client with mania who is exhibiting manipulative behavior. Select one intervention that does not apply.
- A. Communicate expected behaviors to the client
- B. Ensure that the client knows that he or she is not in charge of the nursing unit
- C. Assist the client in identifying ways of setting limits on personal behaviors
- D. Follow through about the consequences of behavior in a non-punitive manner
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Ensuring that the client knows they are not in charge of the nursing unit is not a helpful nursing intervention for managing manipulative behavior in a client with mania. Communicating expected behaviors, assisting with limit-setting, and following through on consequences in a non-punitive manner are more appropriate interventions to address manipulative behavior.
5. A client with asthma is prescribed an albuterol inhaler. Which instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. Use the inhaler only during an asthma attack
- B. Rinse your mouth after using the inhaler
- C. Shake the inhaler before each use
- D. Exhale fully before inhaling the medication
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to provide is to shake the inhaler before each use. Shaking the inhaler ensures proper mixing of the medication before administration, which is crucial for its effectiveness. Choice A is incorrect because albuterol inhalers are often used as a preventive measure, not just during asthma attacks. Choice B is a good practice to prevent oral fungal infections associated with inhaled corticosteroids, not typically with albuterol. Choice D is important for proper inhaler technique, but the primary step before inhaling is shaking the inhaler to ensure the medication is well mixed.