which of the following patients would the home care nurse assess first

HESI LPN

Community Health HESI Study Guide

1. Which of the following patients should the home care nurse assess first?

A. A 65-year-old male with known COPD and difficulty breathing after climbing a flight of stairs.
B. A 78-year-old with CHF who has gained 4 lbs according to her tele-monitoring.
C. A 50-year-old with bilateral leg swelling and difficulty walking.
D. A 60-year-old with lower back pain.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. A patient with known COPD and difficulty breathing after physical exertion like climbing stairs requires immediate assessment by the nurse. This could indicate a potential exacerbation of COPD, which needs prompt intervention to prevent respiratory distress. Choices B, C, and D describe important patient situations that also require attention, but the urgency is higher with a COPD patient experiencing difficulty breathing.

2. The nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of a community health program aimed at reducing teen pregnancy rates. Which outcome indicates the program was successful?

A. increased attendance at health education classes
B. decreased number of repeat pregnancies among teens
C. higher number of teens seeking prenatal care
D. greater use of contraception among teens

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: greater use of contraception among teens. This outcome indicates successful prevention of pregnancies by demonstrating that teens are taking proactive steps to avoid unintended pregnancies. Increased attendance at health education classes (choice A) may show improved knowledge but does not directly measure the prevention of pregnancies. While a decreased number of repeat pregnancies among teens (choice B) is positive, it does not necessarily indicate prevention of initial pregnancies. A higher number of teens seeking prenatal care (choice C) is important for maternal and fetal health but does not directly reflect the prevention of teen pregnancies.

3. What is an important basis in preparing the family health care plan?

A. Needs and problems gathered and recognized by the nurse herself
B. Data gathered from the health center
C. Needs and problems as seen and accepted by the family
D. Needs as expected by the midwife assigned in the area where the family resides

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In preparing a family health care plan, it is crucial to consider the needs and problems as perceived and accepted by the family members themselves. This ensures that the plan aligns with the family's beliefs, values, and preferences, leading to better acceptance and adherence. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the active involvement and acceptance of the family in recognizing their needs and problems are essential for effective health care planning.

4. Which organization is primarily responsible for global public health?

A. World Health Organization (WHO)
B. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
C. National Institutes of Health (NIH)
D. United Nations (UN)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: World Health Organization (WHO). The WHO is the primary organization responsible for global public health initiatives, coordinating international health efforts, setting norms and standards, providing technical support, and monitoring health trends. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while they play significant roles in health and global affairs, they do not have the primary responsibility for global public health like the WHO does.

5. Which individual has the highest risk of developing community-acquired pneumonia?

A. A 40-year-old first-grade teacher who works with underprivileged children.
B. A 75-year-old retired secretary with exercise-induced wheezing.
C. A 60-year-old homeless person who is an alcoholic and smokes.
D. A 35-year-old aerobics instructor who skips meals and eats only vegetables.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the 60-year-old homeless person who is an alcoholic and smokes. This individual has the highest risk of developing community-acquired pneumonia due to factors such as homelessness, alcoholism, and smoking, which weaken the immune system and make them more susceptible to respiratory infections. Choice A is incorrect as working with underprivileged children, while potentially exposing the individual to various illnesses, does not directly increase the risk of pneumonia. Choice B is less likely as exercise-induced wheezing may suggest asthma but does not directly correlate with pneumonia risk. Choice D, an aerobics instructor who eats only vegetables and skips meals, does not have the same level of risk factors for pneumonia as the homeless person in choice C.