Nursing Elites

1. What is usually the first contact between community members and other levels of health facilities called?

• A. Secondary level health care
• B. Primary health care
• C. Tertiary level care
• D. Intermediate level care

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primary health care. Primary health care is the initial point of contact between community members and the healthcare system. This level of care focuses on preventive and primary treatment services. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because secondary, tertiary, and intermediate care levels are more specialized and are usually accessed after primary care, depending on the complexity of the health issue.

2. The nurse is preparing an orientation class for new employees at an inner city clinic that serves a low-income population. Which information should the nurse include in the presentation to these new employees?

• A. A lack of transportation is a major barrier for the clinic's clients.
• B. Basic physiologic needs are likely to be unmet in this clinic's client population.
• C. Printed material is less effective for this population with limited reading skills.
• D. Group education classes are often poorly attended by non-compliant clients.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because addressing basic physiologic needs is crucial for low-income populations. Ensuring that basic needs such as food, shelter, and safety are met is essential for these clients to engage effectively in their healthcare. Choice A talks about transportation, which can be a barrier but may not be the major impediment. Choice C focuses on printed material and reading skills, which are important but not as fundamental as addressing basic physiologic needs. Choice D makes assumptions about client attendance based on compliance, which is not the most critical information to include in an orientation about serving a low-income population.

3. How do integrative models of human health see health factors?

• A. derived solely from physical phenomena
• B. intertwined and interactive, with multiple components such as physical, psychological, and social
• C. generally being attributable to psychosocial problems in individuals
• D. effective only when combined and integrated with alternative therapies

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Integrative models of human health consider health factors as intertwined and interactive, involving various components like physical, psychological, and social aspects. This holistic approach recognizes that health is influenced by a combination of factors, not just physical phenomena (choice A). While psychosocial problems can impact health, integrative models go beyond attributing health solely to psychosocial issues (choice C). Additionally, integrative models do not imply that health is effective only when combined with alternative therapies (choice D), but rather emphasize the interconnectedness of various health components.

4. Under the local government code, health services must be developed by the local governments. This means that local health agencies such as health centers/rural health centers must be under the:

• A. municipal government office
• B. barangay health councils
• C. district health office
• D. provincial health office

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: municipal government office. According to the local government code, local health agencies like health centers and rural health centers are managed by the municipal government office. This is because the municipal government is responsible for providing essential public services within their jurisdiction. Choice B, barangay health councils, is incorrect as they operate at a smaller administrative level than municipal government offices. Choice C, district health office, is not the correct level of government responsible for managing local health agencies. Choice D, provincial health office, is at a higher administrative level than the municipal government office and is not directly responsible for managing local health agencies.

5. In a well-child clinic, the nurse examines many children daily. Which of the following toddlers requires further follow-up?

• A. A 13-month-old who is unable to walk
• B. A 20-month-old who is only using 2 and 3 word sentences
• C. A 24-month-old who cries during examination
• D. A 30-month-old who is only drinking from a sip cup

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because a 30-month-old should have developed the skill to drink from a regular cup by this age. Drinking from a sip cup at this stage may indicate a delay in development. Choices A, B, and C are not as concerning as they can be within the range of normal development. A 13-month-old not walking yet, a 20-month-old using 2 and 3 word sentences, and a 24-month-old crying during examination are all behaviors that can fall within the spectrum of typical development for their respective ages.

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