HESI LPN
HESI PN Exit Exam 2024 Quizlet
1. Which of the following is an appropriate intervention for a patient experiencing a hypertensive crisis?
- A. Placing the patient in a supine position
- B. Administering a beta-blocker intravenously
- C. Encouraging the patient to drink fluids
- D. Applying a cold compress to the forehead
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Administering a beta-blocker intravenously is the correct intervention for a patient experiencing a hypertensive crisis. Beta-blockers help quickly reduce blood pressure and prevent complications such as stroke or heart attack. Placing the patient in a supine position can worsen the condition by reducing venous return and increasing the workload of the heart. Encouraging the patient to drink fluids is not recommended as it can exacerbate hypertension by increasing fluid volume. Applying a cold compress to the forehead does not address the underlying cause of the hypertensive crisis and is unlikely to provide significant benefit.
2. The nurse is caring for an older adult patient who has been diagnosed with a stroke. Which intervention will the nurse add to the care plan?
- A. Encourage the patient to perform as many self-care activities as possible.
- B. Provide assistance with a bed bath to promote patient comfort.
- C. Coordinate with physical therapy for gait training.
- D. Instruct the patient to remain on bed rest to prevent fatigue.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encourage the patient to perform as many self-care activities as possible. For a patient who has had a stroke, promoting independence and engaging in self-care activities help maintain mobility and foster a sense of autonomy. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because providing assistance with a bed bath, coordinating with physical therapy for gait training, or advising bed rest without indications may not be the best interventions for promoting optimal recovery and independence in a stroke patient.
3. A client is still experiencing mild back pain after receiving analgesia 1 hour ago. Which of the following nonpharmacological pain management techniques should the nurse include in the plan?
- A. Encourage the client to apply a heating pad for 2 hours at a time
- B. Apply an ice pack to the client’s back for 1 hour
- C. Remove distractions from the client’s room
- D. Instruct the client to take deep, rhythmic breaths
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse should instruct the client to take deep, rhythmic breaths as a nonpharmacological pain management technique. Deep, rhythmic breathing helps with relaxation and pain management, potentially reducing the perception of pain. Encouraging the client to apply a heating pad for 2 hours at a time (Choice A) is not recommended as prolonged heat application can lead to tissue damage and is not suitable for mild back pain. Applying an ice pack for 1 hour (Choice B) may not be appropriate for mild back pain as cold therapy is more commonly used for acute injuries. Removing distractions from the client’s room (Choice C) may help create a more calming environment, but it does not directly address the client's pain.
4. What is a common symptom of a vitamin D deficiency in children?
- A. Frequent infections
- B. Bone pain and tenderness
- C. Excessive thirst
- D. Unexplained bruising
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Bone pain and tenderness are indeed common symptoms of vitamin D deficiency in children. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone health and growth. The deficiency can lead to weakened bones, causing pain and tenderness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Frequent infections are not a typical symptom of vitamin D deficiency in children; excessive thirst is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes, and unexplained bruising is not directly linked to vitamin D deficiency.
5. A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is resistant to learning self-injection of insulin. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?
- A. Ask, 'Tell me what I can do to help you overcome your fear of giving yourself injections.'
- B. Instruct, 'You need to learn how to give yourself insulin injections immediately.'
- C. State, 'Insulin injections are important for managing your diabetes, so you must learn them.'
- D. Mention, 'Many people with diabetes manage well with insulin injections.'
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Asking the client what can be done to help overcome the fear of self-injections demonstrates empathy, understanding, and a willingness to support the client in addressing their barriers. This approach facilitates open communication, acknowledges the client's feelings, and involves them in the decision-making process. Choices B and C are authoritarian and may increase resistance in the client by being directive and not considering the client's perspective. Choice D, while positive, does not directly address the client's fear and resistance to self-injections, missing the opportunity to explore the underlying issues.