Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following activities is an example of tertiary prevention?

• A. Health education
• B. Regular exercise
• C. Screening tests
• D. Physical therapy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, physical therapy. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and treatment to prevent complications from a disease or injury. Physical therapy falls under this category as it helps individuals recover and improve functionality after an illness or injury. Choices A, B, and C are not examples of tertiary prevention. Health education (choice A) is more aligned with primary prevention by promoting healthy behaviors to prevent disease onset. Regular exercise (choice B) can be categorized under both primary and secondary prevention as it aims to prevent disease development and detect conditions early. Screening tests (choice C) are part of secondary prevention as they aim to detect diseases at an early stage for prompt treatment.

2. The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child with a greenstick fracture. In explaining this type of fracture to the parents, the best response by the nurse should be that

• A. A child's bone is more flexible and can be bent 45 degrees before breaking
• B. Bones of children are more porous than adults and often have incomplete breaks
• C. Compression of porous bones produces a buckle or torus type break
• D. Bone fragments often remain attached by a periosteal hinge

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Greenstick fractures are common in children because their bones are softer and more porous than adult bones, leading to incomplete breaks when force is applied. Choice A is incorrect as greenstick fractures are not due to bone flexibility but rather the porous nature of children's bones. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a buckle or torus type break, which is not characteristic of a greenstick fracture. Choice D is incorrect as greenstick fractures do not involve bone fragments remaining attached by a periosteal hinge.

3. Manny Pacquiao, a Filipino and world boxing champion, used to advertise a muscle pain-relieving drug popularly known in the Philippine market. What can be an equally effective medicinal alternative, especially in far-flung communities and provinces, to relieve muscles and joint pains and prove to be non-costly?

• A. Sambong
• B. Lagundi
• C. Akapulko
• D. Yerba Buena

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Yerba Buena is a suitable alternative for muscle and joint pain relief, particularly in remote areas due to its cost-effectiveness and proven efficacy. Sambong is more commonly used for urinary tract problems, Lagundi is known for respiratory conditions, and Akapulko is primarily used for skin diseases, making them less effective alternatives for muscle and joint pain relief.

4. A community health nurse is conducting a home visit to assess a family's health needs. What is the first step in this process?

• A. Develop a care plan
• B. Conduct a physical examination
• C. Establish rapport with the family
• D. Provide health education

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Establishing rapport with the family is crucial in the initial stages of a home visit. It helps build trust, open communication channels, and allows the nurse to gain insight into the family's health needs and concerns. Developing a care plan (Choice A) comes after the assessment phase, where information is gathered. Conducting a physical examination (Choice B) is a part of the assessment but typically follows establishing rapport. Providing health education (Choice D) is important but usually occurs after the assessment and care planning stages.

5. Building a healthy community is based on the following basic principles except:

• A. concreteness and reasoning to understand and solve problems
• B. human beings do not function independently but as a group
• C. the target of change is not individual or family but community
• D. environmental factors are more basic than institutional factors

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Building a healthy community is indeed based on principles like concreteness, group dynamics, and focusing on community-level change. However, stating that environmental factors are more basic than institutional factors is incorrect. Both environmental and institutional factors play crucial roles in community health. Environmental factors like access to healthcare, clean water, and safe housing are vital, while institutional factors such as healthcare systems, education, and governance also significantly impact community health. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as environmental factors are not more basic than institutional factors.

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