Nursing Elites

1. What is the recommended treatment for a child with a first-degree burn?

• A. Immediate application of ice
• B. Administration of oral antibiotics
• C. Application of cool, moist compresses
• D. Application of hot packs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The recommended treatment for a child with a first-degree burn is the application of cool, moist compresses. This helps in reducing pain and swelling without causing further damage to the skin. Applying ice directly to a burn can lead to frostbite and worsen the injury (Choice A). Oral antibiotics are not necessary for first-degree burns as they do not typically involve infection (Choice B). Hot packs should be avoided as they can further damage the skin and increase inflammation (Choice D).

2. What is a common clinical manifestation of Kawasaki disease?

• A. Severe headaches
• B. High fever lasting more than 5 days
• C. Chronic cough
• D. Severe abdominal pain

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A high fever lasting more than 5 days is a common clinical manifestation of Kawasaki disease. This fever is often accompanied by other symptoms such as rash and conjunctivitis. Severe headaches (Choice A), chronic cough (Choice C), and severe abdominal pain (Choice D) are not typically associated with Kawasaki disease, making them incorrect choices.

3. What should be monitored in a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?

• A. Blood glucose levels
• B. Electrolyte balance
• C. Urine output
• D. Hemoglobin levels

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), monitoring electrolyte balance is crucial. CAH can lead to adrenal insufficiency, causing imbalances in electrolytes such as sodium and potassium. Monitoring electrolyte levels helps in preventing complications like dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and adrenal crisis. While blood glucose levels may need monitoring in other conditions like diabetes, it is not the primary concern in CAH. Urine output is important in assessing kidney function but is not a direct monitoring parameter for CAH. Hemoglobin levels are more relevant in conditions such as anemia, not specifically in CAH.

4. Approximately how many grams does a normal half-cup vegetable portion weigh?

• A. 5 grams
• B. 50 grams
• C. 100 grams
• D. 150 grams

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A normal half-cup vegetable portion usually weighs around 100 grams. This weight is a standard measurement for a half-cup serving of vegetables, making choice C the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical weight of a half-cup vegetable portion.

5. What is an important aspect of managing a child with chronic kidney disease?

• A. Monitoring electrolyte levels
• B. Increasing protein intake
• C. Limiting fluid intake
• D. Encouraging a high-fat diet

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial in managing chronic kidney disease in children because imbalances can lead to serious complications. Electrolyte levels must be carefully monitored to prevent issues such as electrolyte abnormalities, which can further impact kidney function and overall health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because increasing protein intake, limiting fluid intake, and encouraging a high-fat diet can exacerbate kidney disease in children by putting extra strain on their kidneys or causing other health problems.

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