Nursing Elites

1. What is a key aspect of care for a child with an indwelling urinary catheter?

• A. Increase fluid intake
• B. Monitor for signs of infection
• C. Restrict mobility
• D. Administer daily antibiotics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Monitoring for signs of infection is crucial when caring for a child with an indwelling urinary catheter. This is because catheter-associated urinary tract infections are common in such cases. Increasing fluid intake can be beneficial, but monitoring for infection takes precedence as it is crucial to prevent complications. Restricting mobility is not a key aspect of care for a child with an indwelling urinary catheter unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider. Administering daily antibiotics without proper assessment and indication can lead to antibiotic resistance and is not a standard practice in caring for a child with an indwelling urinary catheter.

2. The parents of a child with sickle cell anemia ask why their child experiences pain. What is the most likely cause?

• A. Inflammation of the vessels
• B. Obstructed blood flow
• C. Overhydration
• D. Stress-related headaches

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In sickle cell anemia, pain is primarily caused by the obstruction of blood flow by sickle-shaped cells. This obstruction leads to inadequate oxygen supply to tissues, resulting in tissue damage and pain. Choice A, inflammation of the vessels, is incorrect as it is not the primary cause of pain in sickle cell anemia. Choice C, overhydration, is unrelated to the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia and would not lead to the characteristic pain experienced. Choice D, stress-related headaches, is also unrelated to the underlying mechanisms of pain in sickle cell anemia.

3. How should a healthcare professional manage a child with scabies?

• A. Use topical permethrin cream
• B. Administer oral antibiotics
• C. Apply topical antifungals
• D. Provide supportive care only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Topical permethrin cream is the appropriate treatment for scabies as it effectively kills the mites causing the infestation. Oral antibiotics are not indicated for scabies as it is not a bacterial infection. Topical antifungals are used to treat fungal infections, not scabies. Providing supportive care only would not address the underlying cause of scabies, which is the mite infestation.

4. How should a healthcare provider address the nutritional needs of a child with chronic kidney disease?

• A. Increase protein intake
• B. Reduce sodium and phosphorus intake
• C. Promote a high-fat diet
• D. Encourage frequent sugary snacks

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Reducing sodium and phosphorus intake is crucial in managing chronic kidney disease in children because it helps prevent complications such as electrolyte imbalances and bone problems. High protein intake can actually be harmful to the kidneys in this condition as it can lead to increased waste production. A high-fat diet is not recommended as it can contribute to heart and blood vessel problems. Encouraging frequent sugary snacks can lead to further complications like obesity and diabetes, which are not beneficial for a child with chronic kidney disease.

5. What is the term for the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius?

• A. Calorie
• B. Joule
• C. Kilojoule
• D. Kilocalorie

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Kilocalorie. The term kilocalorie, often referred to as a calorie, is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius. While Choice A, Calorie, is technically correct, it is not the most specific term for the described amount of heat. Choice B, Joule, is a unit of energy but not specifically related to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of water. Choice C, Kilojoule, is also a unit of energy but not the precise term for the heat required to raise the temperature of water by one degree Celsius.

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