Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary treatment for a child with an anaphylactic reaction?

• A. Oral antihistamines
• B. Intravenous fluids
• C. Epinephrine injection
• D. Antipyretics

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epinephrine injection. An epinephrine injection is the primary treatment for an anaphylactic reaction in children. Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and hives. Oral antihistamines, although useful for milder allergic reactions, are not sufficient to manage the potentially life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis. Intravenous fluids may be necessary to support blood pressure in a child with anaphylaxis but are not the primary treatment. Antipyretics, on the other hand, are medications used to reduce fever and are not indicated as the primary treatment for an anaphylactic reaction.

2. What is an important dietary consideration for a child with cystic fibrosis?

• A. High-calorie, high-fat diet
• B. Low-sugar diet
• C. Increased dietary fiber
• D. High-sodium diet

Correct answer: A

Rationale: For a child with cystic fibrosis, an important dietary consideration is a high-calorie, high-fat diet. This type of diet helps address malabsorption issues commonly seen in individuals with cystic fibrosis and supports adequate growth and development. High-calorie, high-fat foods are recommended to help meet the increased energy needs of these individuals. Choices B, C, and D are not the most appropriate dietary considerations for a child with cystic fibrosis. A low-sugar diet may not provide enough calories for optimal growth, increased dietary fiber may exacerbate issues related to malabsorption, and a high-sodium diet is generally not recommended due to the risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances in individuals with cystic fibrosis.

3. Which statement best describes the composition of most foods?

• A. Most foods contain a mixture of the three energy nutrients, with one or two predominating.
• B. Foods do not typically contain equal amounts of the three energy nutrients.
• C. Most foods contain mixtures of the three energy nutrients, although only one or two may predominate.
• D. Most foods contain all three energy nutrients in varying amounts.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Most foods contain a mixture of the three energy nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats), with one or two predominating. Choice A is correct because most foods do contain a combination of energy nutrients, with one or two types usually being predominant. Choice B is incorrect as foods typically do not contain equal amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Choice D is incorrect because most foods contain all three energy nutrients, not just one or two types.

4. What does the term 'essential nutrient' refer to?

• A. A nutrient that can be synthesized by the body.
• B. A nutrient that is required for proper body functioning.
• C. A nutrient that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot produce it.
• D. A nutrient that can be stored in the body for long periods.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. An essential nutrient is a substance that is necessary for normal body functioning but cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by the body, therefore it must be obtained from the diet. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because essential nutrients are not synthesized by the body, they are necessary for body functioning, and they are not typically stored in the body for long periods.

5. What is the key to preventing recurrent respiratory infections in children with cystic fibrosis?

• A. Routine use of antibiotics
• B. Daily chest physiotherapy
• C. Increased fluid intake
• D. Dietary supplements

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Daily chest physiotherapy. Daily chest physiotherapy is essential in cystic fibrosis as it helps in clearing mucus from the lungs, reducing the frequency of respiratory infections. Antibiotics (Choice A) may treat infections but are not the key preventive measure. Increased fluid intake (Choice C) and dietary supplements (Choice D) can be beneficial for overall health but do not directly prevent recurrent respiratory infections in children with cystic fibrosis.

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