Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary treatment for a child with an anaphylactic reaction?

• A. Oral antihistamines
• B. Intravenous fluids
• C. Epinephrine injection
• D. Antipyretics

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epinephrine injection. An epinephrine injection is the primary treatment for an anaphylactic reaction in children. Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and hives. Oral antihistamines, although useful for milder allergic reactions, are not sufficient to manage the potentially life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis. Intravenous fluids may be necessary to support blood pressure in a child with anaphylaxis but are not the primary treatment. Antipyretics, on the other hand, are medications used to reduce fever and are not indicated as the primary treatment for an anaphylactic reaction.

2. How should the healthcare provider assist parents of a SIDS infant in coping?

• A. Encourage seeking grief counseling
• B. Remain detached
• C. Alleviate feelings of guilt and blame
• D. Discuss the parents' mistakes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Assisting parents of a SIDS infant in coping involves alleviating feelings of guilt and blame, providing emotional support, and offering appropriate counseling. It is crucial to address the parents' emotional well-being and help them cope with the loss. Choice A is not the best answer as it focuses solely on grief counseling, while the primary concern is addressing feelings of guilt and blame. Choice B is inappropriate as remaining detached does not provide the necessary emotional support these parents need. Choice D is incorrect as discussing the parents' mistakes can intensify their feelings of guilt and blame, rather than helping them cope effectively.

3. How should the healthcare provider respond to a parent concerned about a child's short stature?

• A. Suggest the parent consult a nutritionist
• B. Recommend frequent growth hormone injections
• C. Advise monitoring for a few years before intervention
• D. Refer for a genetic evaluation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a parent expresses concern about a child's short stature, the initial approach should involve advising monitoring for a few years before considering any interventions. This allows for observation of the child's growth pattern and any potential underlying issues. Suggesting a nutritionist (Choice A) may not be necessary if there are no signs of nutritional deficiencies. Recommending growth hormone injections (Choice B) is premature without proper evaluation and diagnosis. Referring for a genetic evaluation (Choice D) can be considered later if monitoring shows atypical growth patterns or other concerning factors.

4. What is a common sign of dehydration in infants?

• A. Decreased urination
• B. Dry mouth and lips
• C. Increased appetite
• D. Normal skin turgor

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dry mouth and lips are common signs of dehydration in infants. When an infant is dehydrated, the body conserves water, resulting in less urine production and concentrated urine. This leads to decreased frequency of urination rather than frequent urination, making choice A incorrect. Choice C, increased appetite, is not typically associated with dehydration in infants but rather with normal growth and development. Normal skin turgor, as mentioned in choice D, is a sign of hydration and not dehydration, making it an incorrect choice. Therefore, the correct answer is B, dry mouth and lips, which indicate a need for fluid replacement.

5. How should a healthcare provider respond to a parent concerned about their child's sleep pattern?

• A. Recommend a sleep study
• B. Suggest increasing daytime naps
• C. Provide education on sleep hygiene
• D. Advise on medication use

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a parent expresses concerns about their child's sleep pattern, providing education on sleep hygiene is a beneficial response. Teaching parents about establishing a consistent sleep routine, creating a conducive sleep environment, and promoting healthy sleep habits can help address the child's sleep issues. This empowers the parent to make positive changes that can improve the child's sleep patterns. Recommending a sleep study (Choice A) may be premature and unnecessary without first addressing basic sleep hygiene. Suggesting increasing daytime naps (Choice B) may not always be appropriate and could further disrupt the child's nighttime sleep. Advising on medication use (Choice D) should be considered only after other non-pharmacological approaches have been tried and if deemed necessary by a healthcare provider.

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