HESI LPN
Nutrition Final Exam
1. What is a common side effect of corticosteroid therapy in children?
- A. Increased appetite
- B. Decreased blood glucose levels
- C. Inhibited growth
- D. Mood changes
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased appetite. Corticosteroid therapy commonly causes increased appetite in children. This side effect can lead to weight gain and other metabolic changes. Option B is incorrect because corticosteroid therapy is more likely to result in increased blood glucose levels. Option C is incorrect because corticosteroid therapy can inhibit growth due to its impact on the endocrine system. Option D is incorrect because corticosteroid therapy can lead to mood changes such as irritability or even mood swings rather than improved mood.
2. What type of vaccine should a child with a history of severe allergic reactions receive?
- A. Live attenuated vaccines
- B. Inactivated vaccines
- C. Subunit vaccines
- D. Recombinant vaccines
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Children with a history of severe allergic reactions should receive inactivated vaccines because they do not contain live pathogens. Live attenuated vaccines (choice A) contain weakened live pathogens and can potentially trigger an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals. Subunit vaccines (choice C) and recombinant vaccines (choice D) may contain components that could still trigger an allergic response in individuals with a history of severe allergies. Inactivated vaccines are the safest choice for individuals with a history of severe allergic reactions as they do not pose a risk of causing an allergic reaction due to the absence of live pathogens.
3. A guardian reports that a 4-year-old child is waking up with nightmares. Which of the following interventions should the nurse suggest?
- A. Offer the child a large snack before bedtime.
- B. Allow the child to watch an extra 30 minutes of TV in the evening.
- C. Have the child go to bed at a consistent time every day.
- D. Increase physical activity before bedtime.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to have the child go to bed at a consistent time every day. Consistent bedtime routines can help reduce nightmares by providing the child with a sense of security and stability. Offering a large snack before bedtime or allowing extra TV time may disrupt sleep patterns and lead to nightmares. Increasing physical activity before bedtime could have the opposite effect and make it harder for the child to fall asleep.
4. A premature infant with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) receives artificial surfactant. How does the nurse explain surfactant therapy to the parents?
- A. “Surfactant improves the ability of your baby’s lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.”
- B. “The drug keeps your baby from requiring too much sedation.”
- C. “Surfactant is used to reduce episodes of periodic apnea.”
- D. “Your baby needs this medication to fight a possible respiratory tract infection.”
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Artificial surfactant can be administered as an adjunct to oxygen and ventilation therapy for premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). It helps improve respiratory compliance by aiding in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide until the infant can produce enough surfactant naturally. The correct explanation to the parents would be that surfactant therapy enhances the baby’s lung function by facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Choice B is incorrect because surfactant therapy does not affect sedation needs. Choice C is inaccurate as surfactant is not used to reduce episodes of periodic apnea. Choice D is incorrect as surfactant is not administered to fight respiratory tract infections; it specifically targets improving lung function in RDS.
5. The PN is caring for an older client who was informed about the diagnosis of terminal cancer two days ago. Which intervention would be most helpful for the client's spouse at this time?
- A. Consultation with the case manager and hospital chaplain
- B. Visiting after procedures are done to avoid seeing the client in pain
- C. Participating in the client's care within his/her capabilities and desires
- D. Information about palliative and hospice care services
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Providing information about palliative and hospice care services can help the spouse understand the options for managing the client's symptoms and improving the quality of life. This also provides support and guidance during a difficult time. Consulting with the case manager and hospital chaplain may be beneficial for emotional support but may not address the practical aspects of care. Visiting after procedures are done to avoid seeing the client in pain may not foster open communication and support. While participating in the client's care is important, providing information about palliative and hospice care services is the most helpful intervention in this scenario.