Nursing Elites

1. What is a common sign of dehydration in infants?

• A. Decreased urination
• B. Dry mouth and lips
• C. Increased appetite
• D. Normal skin turgor

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Dry mouth and lips are common signs of dehydration in infants. When an infant is dehydrated, the body conserves water, resulting in less urine production and concentrated urine. This leads to decreased frequency of urination rather than frequent urination, making choice A incorrect. Choice C, increased appetite, is not typically associated with dehydration in infants but rather with normal growth and development. Normal skin turgor, as mentioned in choice D, is a sign of hydration and not dehydration, making it an incorrect choice. Therefore, the correct answer is B, dry mouth and lips, which indicate a need for fluid replacement.

2. A child develops a strong dislike of noodle soup after consuming a bowl while sick with the flu. Her reaction is an example of a food-related ___.

• A. habit
• B. social interaction
• C. emotional turmoil
• D. negative association

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'negative association.' A negative association occurs when a person develops a dislike for a food due to a past negative experience, such as getting sick after eating it. In this case, the child's dislike of noodle soup is specifically linked to the negative experience of consuming it while sick with the flu. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the situation described does not relate to habit formation, social interactions, or emotional turmoil, but rather to a learned aversion based on a specific negative event.

3. How should hydration status be assessed in a child with vomiting and diarrhea?

• A. Check skin turgor and mucous membranes
• B. Measure blood glucose levels
• C. Assess heart rate and blood pressure
• D. Evaluate bowel sounds

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Checking skin turgor and mucous membranes is the appropriate method to assess hydration status in a child with vomiting and diarrhea. Skin turgor is an indicator of skin elasticity, which decreases when an individual is dehydrated. Mucous membranes, such as the inside of the mouth, can also show signs of dehydration like dryness. Measuring blood glucose levels (choice B) is not relevant to assessing hydration status in this scenario. Assessing heart rate and blood pressure (choice C) is important in evaluating the overall condition of a child but may not directly indicate hydration status. Evaluating bowel sounds (choice D) is more related to assessing gastrointestinal function rather than hydration status.

4. Which nutrient source yields more than 4 kcalories per gram?

• A. plant fats
• B. plant proteins
• C. animal proteins
• D. plant carbohydrates

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is plant fats (Choice A). Fats, including plant fats, provide 9 kcalories per gram, which is more than 4 kcalories. Plant proteins (Choice B) and animal proteins (Choice C) provide 4 kcalories per gram. Plant carbohydrates (Choice D) also provide 4 kcalories per gram. Therefore, Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not yield more than 4 kcalories per gram.

5. What is a common side effect of corticosteroid therapy in children?

• A. Increased appetite
• B. Decreased blood glucose levels
• C. Inhibited growth
• D. Mood changes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased appetite. Corticosteroid therapy commonly causes increased appetite in children. This side effect can lead to weight gain and other metabolic changes. Option B is incorrect because corticosteroid therapy is more likely to result in increased blood glucose levels. Option C is incorrect because corticosteroid therapy can inhibit growth due to its impact on the endocrine system. Option D is incorrect because corticosteroid therapy can lead to mood changes such as irritability or even mood swings rather than improved mood.

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