HESI LPN
Nutrition Final Exam
1. What is the priority assessment for a child with suspected appendicitis?
- A. Temperature
- B. Heart rate
- C. Respiratory rate
- D. Pain level
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The priority assessment for a child with suspected appendicitis is 'Pain level.' Evaluating the pain level, particularly in the lower right quadrant, is crucial as it helps in determining the severity of the condition, leading to prompt diagnosis and treatment. Monitoring temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate are important aspects of assessment; however, they are secondary to assessing the pain level in cases of suspected appendicitis. Pain assessment is key in diagnosing this condition since the classic presentation includes abdominal pain that often starts around the umbilicus and then localizes to the right lower quadrant.
2. Your friend Carrie took a daily supplement of vitamin C and tells you that she feels a lot better. Her statement to you is best described as what?
- A. an anecdote
- B. theory
- C. interpretation
- D. conclusion
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'an anecdote.' An anecdote is a personal account or experience, not necessarily backed by scientific evidence. In this case, Carrie's statement about feeling better after taking vitamin C is based on her personal experience and does not constitute scientific evidence or a generalizable conclusion. Choice B, 'theory,' would imply a systematic explanation based on scientific evidence, which is not the case here. Choice C, 'interpretation,' typically involves explaining or understanding something based on available information, not a personal account. Choice D, 'conclusion,' would be a general statement derived from specific information or facts, which is not applicable in this context.
3. What is a common symptom of congenital heart disease in infants?
- A. Excessive weight gain
- B. Difficulty breathing
- C. High blood pressure
- D. Increased appetite
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Difficulty breathing is a common symptom of congenital heart disease in infants. Infants with congenital heart disease may experience difficulty breathing due to impaired cardiac function, which affects the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. This symptom is often due to issues like heart failure or fluid accumulation in the lungs. Excessive weight gain (Choice A) is not typically associated with congenital heart disease in infants. High blood pressure (Choice C) is less common in infants with congenital heart disease compared to adults. Increased appetite (Choice D) is not a typical symptom of congenital heart disease in infants.
4. What is a key preventive measure for avoiding urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children?
- A. Restrict fluid intake
- B. Encourage frequent urination
- C. Use topical antibiotics
- D. Increase dietary calcium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging frequent urination is a key preventive measure for avoiding urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. It helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract, reducing the risk of UTIs. Restricting fluid intake (Choice A) is not recommended as it may lead to concentrated urine and increase the risk of UTIs. Using topical antibiotics (Choice C) is not a preventive measure for UTIs and should only be used under medical guidance. Increasing dietary calcium (Choice D) is not directly linked to preventing UTIs in children.
5. How should hydration status in a child with fever and vomiting be assessed?
- A. Monitor skin turgor and mucous membranes
- B. Measure blood glucose levels
- C. Check for signs of jaundice
- D. Assess respiratory rate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: To assess hydration status in a child with fever and vomiting, monitoring skin turgor and mucous membranes is essential. Skin turgor refers to the skin's ability to change shape and return to normal; poor skin turgor can indicate dehydration. Mucous membranes, such as the mouth and eyes, can also provide valuable information about hydration levels. Measuring blood glucose levels (Choice B) is not directly related to assessing hydration status. Checking for signs of jaundice (Choice C) is important for liver-related issues, not hydration assessment. Assessing respiratory rate (Choice D) is crucial for evaluating respiratory function, not hydration status.
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