Nursing Elites

1. What is a common sign of an allergic reaction in children?

• A. Persistent cough
• B. Skin rash or hives
• C. Increased appetite
• D. Low-grade fever

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Skin rash or hives are common signs of an allergic reaction in children, often following exposure to allergens. While a persistent cough can occur in some cases, it is not typically a primary sign of an allergic reaction. Increased appetite is unrelated to allergic reactions. A low-grade fever is not a common sign of an allergic reaction but can be present in other conditions like infections.

2. How should a healthcare provider address the nutritional needs of a child with chronic kidney disease?

• A. Increase protein intake
• B. Reduce sodium and phosphorus intake
• C. Promote a high-fat diet
• D. Encourage frequent sugary snacks

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Reducing sodium and phosphorus intake is crucial in managing chronic kidney disease in children because it helps prevent complications such as electrolyte imbalances and bone problems. High protein intake can actually be harmful to the kidneys in this condition as it can lead to increased waste production. A high-fat diet is not recommended as it can contribute to heart and blood vessel problems. Encouraging frequent sugary snacks can lead to further complications like obesity and diabetes, which are not beneficial for a child with chronic kidney disease.

3. What is a primary concern for a child with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?

• A. Increased growth rate
• B. Risk of hyperglycemia
• C. Risk of dehydration
• D. Improved appetite

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Risk of hyperglycemia. When a child is newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, one of the primary concerns is the risk of hyperglycemia, which refers to high blood glucose levels. Hyperglycemia can lead to various complications if not managed properly, making it crucial to stabilize blood glucose levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increased growth rate, risk of dehydration, and improved appetite are not primary concerns specifically associated with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus.

4. What should be assessed in an infant diagnosed with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

• A. Diarrhea after each feeding
• B. Gastric pain and vigorous crying
• C. Poor appetite due to poor sucking reflex
• D. An olive-shaped mass right of the midline

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, an olive-shaped mass can often be palpated in the infant's abdomen, which is a hallmark sign of this condition. This mass is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, right of the midline. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis may experience vomiting (not diarrhea), gastric pain, and irritability, and have feeding difficulties, the key assessment finding specific to this condition is the palpable olive-shaped mass in the abdomen.

5. What is a common clinical manifestation of Kawasaki disease?

• A. Severe headaches
• B. High fever lasting more than 5 days
• C. Chronic cough
• D. Severe abdominal pain

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A high fever lasting more than 5 days is a common clinical manifestation of Kawasaki disease. This fever is often accompanied by other symptoms such as rash and conjunctivitis. Severe headaches (Choice A), chronic cough (Choice C), and severe abdominal pain (Choice D) are not typically associated with Kawasaki disease, making them incorrect choices.

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