Nursing Elites

1. What is a common sign of an allergic reaction in children?

• A. Persistent cough
• B. Skin rash or hives
• C. Increased appetite
• D. Low-grade fever

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Skin rash or hives are common signs of an allergic reaction in children, often following exposure to allergens. While a persistent cough can occur in some cases, it is not typically a primary sign of an allergic reaction. Increased appetite is unrelated to allergic reactions. A low-grade fever is not a common sign of an allergic reaction but can be present in other conditions like infections.

2. A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kilocalories, which includes 30 grams of fat. What percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat?

• A. 8.50%
• B. 15.00%
• C. 19.00%
• D. 25.50%

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To calculate the percentage of total energy contributed by fat, first determine the energy from fat by multiplying the fat amount (30g) by the energy density of fat (9 kcal/g), which equals 270 kcal. Then, divide the energy from fat (270 kcal) by the total energy intake (1400 kcal) and multiply by 100 to find the percentage: (270 kcal / 1400 kcal) * 100 = 19.29% ≈ 19.00%. Therefore, fat contributes approximately 19% of the total energy in the diet. Choice A (8.50%) is too low, while choices B (15.00%) and D (25.50%) are incorrect calculations based on the given information.

3. What should be assessed in an infant diagnosed with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

• A. Diarrhea after each feeding
• B. Gastric pain and vigorous crying
• C. Poor appetite due to poor sucking reflex
• D. An olive-shaped mass right of the midline

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, an olive-shaped mass can often be palpated in the infant's abdomen, which is a hallmark sign of this condition. This mass is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, right of the midline. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis may experience vomiting (not diarrhea), gastric pain, and irritability, and have feeding difficulties, the key assessment finding specific to this condition is the palpable olive-shaped mass in the abdomen.

4. What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection in older children?

• A. Frequent urination
• B. Increased appetite
• C. Elevated blood pressure
• D. Decreased energy levels

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Frequent urination is a common sign of a urinary tract infection in older children. It is often accompanied by other symptoms such as pain or discomfort. Increased appetite (Choice B) is not typically associated with urinary tract infections. Elevated blood pressure (Choice C) is more commonly linked to conditions like hypertension, not urinary tract infections. Decreased energy levels (Choice D) can be a sign of various health issues but are not a typical symptom of a urinary tract infection.

5. What is an important dietary consideration for a child with cystic fibrosis?

• A. High-calorie, high-fat diet
• B. Low-sugar diet
• C. Increased dietary fiber
• D. High-sodium diet

Correct answer: A

Rationale: For a child with cystic fibrosis, an important dietary consideration is a high-calorie, high-fat diet. This type of diet helps address malabsorption issues commonly seen in individuals with cystic fibrosis and supports adequate growth and development. High-calorie, high-fat foods are recommended to help meet the increased energy needs of these individuals. Choices B, C, and D are not the most appropriate dietary considerations for a child with cystic fibrosis. A low-sugar diet may not provide enough calories for optimal growth, increased dietary fiber may exacerbate issues related to malabsorption, and a high-sodium diet is generally not recommended due to the risk of dehydration and electrolyte imbalances in individuals with cystic fibrosis.

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