HESI LPN
LPN Nutrition Practice Test
1. How does a double-blind experiment work?
- A. Both subject groups take turns receiving each treatment.
- B. Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group.
- C. Neither group of subjects knows whether they are in the control or experimental group, but the researchers do not know.
- D. Both subject groups know whether they are in the control or experimental group, but the researchers do not know.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. In a double-blind experiment, neither the subjects nor the researchers know which subjects are in the control or experimental group. This helps to eliminate bias and ensure that the results are more objective. Choice A is incorrect as in a double-blind experiment, subjects do not take turns receiving each treatment; it is about masking the treatment allocation. Choice C is incorrect because it implies that the researchers are aware of the group allocation, which goes against the principle of blinding in a double-blind study. Choice D is incorrect as both subject groups should not know whether they are in the control or experimental group to maintain the blindness of the study.
2. A client with diabetes mellitus is admitted with hyperglycemia. What is the priority nursing action?
- A. Administer insulin as prescribed
- B. Encourage fluid intake
- C. Monitor blood glucose levels frequently
- D. Assess for signs of hypoglycemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering insulin is the priority nursing action for a client admitted with hyperglycemia due to diabetes mellitus. Insulin helps lower blood glucose levels and prevent further complications associated with hyperglycemia. Encouraging fluid intake is important but not the priority as insulin administration takes precedence to address the immediate hyperglycemic state. Monitoring blood glucose levels frequently is essential but comes after administering insulin to ensure the treatment's effectiveness. Assessing for signs of hypoglycemia is incorrect as the client is admitted with hyperglycemia, which requires raising blood glucose levels, not lowering them further.
3. What is important information to provide to a young adult female client planning to become pregnant?
- A. Discontinue this medication one month before.
- B. Breastfeeding is not recommended while.
- C. Baseline liver function results must be obtained.
- D. Do not take multiple vitamins that contradict.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: It is crucial to advise the client to discontinue medication one month before planning to become pregnant to prevent potential harm to the fetus. This precaution is essential as certain medications can have adverse effects on the developing baby. By stopping the medication ahead of time, the client can reduce the risk of any complications during pregnancy.
4. According to a survey by Adhikari and Liu in the year 2013, at birth, women have:
- A. close to 100,000 ova.
- B. around 300,000 to 400,000 ova.
- C. around 100 to 200 ova.
- D. only 500 ova.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Women are born with approximately 300,000 to 400,000 ova, which gradually decrease in number as they age. Choice A ('close to 100,000 ova.') is incorrect as the actual number is much higher. Choice C ('around 100 to 200 ova.') is incorrect as it underestimates the quantity significantly. Choice D ('only 500 ova.') is incorrect as it greatly underestimates the number of ova present at birth.
5. A healthcare professional is planning to collect a liquid stool specimen from a client for ova and parasites. Inaccurate test results may result if the healthcare professional:
- A. Refrigerates the collected specimen
- B. Collects the specimen in a sterile container
- C. Delays the collection of the specimen
- D. Uses a non-contaminated collection container
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Refrigeration can kill the ova and parasites present in the stool specimen, leading to inaccurate test results. Storing the specimen in a cold environment can disrupt the integrity of the parasites and ova, affecting the accuracy of the test. Collecting the specimen in a sterile container (Choice B) is the correct procedure to prevent external contamination. Delaying the collection of the specimen (Choice C) may affect the freshness of the sample but does not directly impact the test results. Using a non-contaminated collection container (Choice D) is essential to maintain the sample's integrity but does not relate to the risk of killing ova and parasites through refrigeration.