Nursing Elites

1. An example of individual influences on health status would be:

• A. Cigarette smoking
• B. A parent with adult-onset diabetes
• C. Exposure to toxic substances in the workplace
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D' because all the listed factors - cigarette smoking, a parent with adult-onset diabetes, and exposure to toxic substances in the workplace - can individually influence a person's health status. Cigarette smoking directly impacts health by increasing the risk of various diseases. Having a parent with adult-onset diabetes can also influence one's health due to genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors. Exposure to toxic substances in the workplace can lead to health issues. Choices A, B, and C are not mutually exclusive but rather represent different aspects of individual influences on health status, making 'D' the most comprehensive and accurate answer.

2. The nurse is assigned to a client with Parkinson's disease. Which findings would the nurse anticipate?

• A. Non-intention tremors and urgency with voiding
• B. Echolalia and a shuffling gait
• C. Muscle spasm and a bent-over posture
• D. Intention tremor and jerky movement of the elbows

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Echolalia (repeating others' words) and a shuffling gait are common symptoms of Parkinson's disease. These symptoms result from the degeneration of the basal ganglia in the brain that controls movement and speech. Choice A is incorrect because non-intention tremors are not typically associated with Parkinson's disease. Choice C is incorrect as muscle spasm and a bent-over posture are not classic manifestations of Parkinson's disease. Choice D is incorrect since intention tremors and jerky movement of the elbows are not characteristic of Parkinson's disease.

3. Which of the following measures the risk of dying from causes related to pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium?

• A. maternal mortality
• B. neonatal death rate
• C. fetal death rate
• D. infant mortality rate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, maternal mortality. Maternal mortality specifically measures the risk of dying from pregnancy-related causes. Neonatal death rate, fetal death rate, and infant mortality rate focus on different populations and timeframes. Neonatal death rate refers to deaths within the first 28 days of life, fetal death rate measures stillbirths, and infant mortality rate includes deaths of infants under one year of age. Therefore, A is the most appropriate measure for assessing the risk of dying from causes related to pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium.

4. In combating myths and misconceptions about family planning in the community, what should you do first as a health educator?

• A. Identify the influential leaders of the community
• B. Select an approach to be used in correcting myths and misconceptions
• C. Decide who will be involved in the conference
• D. Identify myths and misconceptions prevailing in the community and their sources

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to identify myths and misconceptions prevailing in the community and their sources. This is the initial step in addressing misconceptions effectively. By understanding the specific myths and where they originate from, a health educator can tailor their approach to correct these misconceptions. Choice A is incorrect because while influential leaders can play a role, identifying myths comes first. Choice B is incorrect as selecting an approach should come after understanding the myths. Choice C is incorrect as deciding who will be involved in a conference is not the primary step in combating myths and misconceptions.

5. A home health nurse is at the home of a client with diabetes and arthritis. The client has difficulty drawing up insulin. It would be most appropriate for the nurse to refer the client to:

• A. A social worker from the local hospital
• B. An occupational therapist from the community center
• C. A physical therapist from the rehabilitation agency
• D. Another client with diabetes mellitus who takes insulin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An occupational therapist is the most appropriate professional to refer the client to in this situation. Occupational therapists can provide assistance with techniques and tools to help the client manage insulin administration despite arthritis. Referring the client to a social worker (Choice A) may not directly address the client's difficulty with insulin. While physical therapists (Choice C) focus on mobility and strength, they may not specialize in techniques for insulin administration. Referring the client to another client with diabetes (Choice D) is not a professional or appropriate solution to address the client's difficulty.

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