Nursing Elites

1. During a health assessment of a school-age child, where should the nurse focus more attention based on the child's developmental level?

• A. Infections
• B. Poisonings
• C. Risk-taking behaviors
• D. Accidents and injuries

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During the school-age period, children are active, curious, and engaged in various physical activities, making them more susceptible to accidents and injuries. This developmental stage is characterized by increased motor skills and exploration, leading to a higher risk of unintentional harm. While infections, poisonings, and risk-taking behaviors are also concerns for school-age children, focusing on preventing and addressing accidents and injuries is essential due to their heightened physical activity and curiosity.

2. What should the nurse include when teaching an adolescent about tinea pedis?

• A. Keep your feet moist and open to the air as much as possible.
• B. Dry the area between your toes thoroughly.
• C. Wear nylon or synthetic socks every day.
• D. Go barefoot when you are in the school locker room.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct way to prevent tinea pedis is by keeping the feet dry, especially between the toes, to decrease the risk of fungal infection. Choice A is incorrect as keeping the feet moist can promote fungal growth. Choice C is incorrect because nylon or synthetic socks can trap moisture, contributing to the growth of fungi. Choice D is incorrect as going barefoot in public, especially in areas like locker rooms, increases the risk of contracting tinea pedis.

3. What is the priority nursing intervention for a child with a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving chemotherapy?

• A. Preventing infection
• B. Administering chemotherapy
• C. Providing nutritional support
• D. Monitoring fluid intake

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving chemotherapy is to prevent infection. Chemotherapy compromises the child's immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections. Preventing infection is crucial to avoid potential complications such as sepsis, which can be life-threatening. Administering chemotherapy is essential for treating ALL but preventing infection takes precedence due to the increased risk of infections associated with chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression. Providing nutritional support is important for overall health but preventing infections is more critical in this context. Monitoring fluid intake is significant, but the priority is to prevent infections that can have severe consequences in an immunocompromised child.

4. When caring for a child and family who just moved out of a dangerous neighborhood, which of the following approaches is appropriate to the family stress theory?

• A. Determining who the decision maker is
• B. Assessing the child's coping abilities
• C. Finding out how siblings feel
• D. Explaining procedures to siblings

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Assessing the child's coping abilities is appropriate when applying the family stress theory because it helps understand how well the child is managing the stress of the situation. This assessment can provide insights into the child's emotional well-being and resilience, enabling healthcare providers to offer appropriate support. Choices A, C, and D are less relevant in the context of family stress theory. Determining who the decision-maker is may be important but is not directly related to assessing the child's coping abilities. Finding out how siblings feel and explaining procedures to siblings may be valuable aspects of care but are not specifically aligned with the core principles of the family stress theory, which focus on understanding and addressing stress within the family unit.

5. During a routine monthly examination, a 5-month-old infant is brought to the pediatric clinic. What assessment finding should alert the nurse to notify the health care provider immediately?

• A. Temperature of 99.5°F
• B. Blood pressure of 75/48 mm Hg
• C. Heart rate of 100 beats per minute
• D. Respiratory rate of 50 breaths per minute

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A respiratory rate of 50 breaths per minute in a 5-month-old infant is higher than the expected range and may indicate respiratory distress. This finding is concerning and should prompt the nurse to notify the health care provider for further evaluation and intervention. A temperature of 99.5°F, blood pressure of 75/48 mm Hg, and heart rate of 100 beats per minute are within normal ranges for a 5-month-old infant. Elevated temperature may indicate a mild fever, which can be monitored. A blood pressure of 75/48 mm Hg is within the normal range for infants. A heart rate of 100 beats per minute is also within the expected range for a 5-month-old infant and does not typically require immediate notification of the health care provider.

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