Nursing Elites

1. A group of students is reviewing the components of the endocrine system. The students demonstrate understanding of the review when they identify what as the primary function of this system?

• A. Regulation of water balance
• B. Hormonal secretion
• C. Cellular metabolism
• D. Growth stimulation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the endocrine system is hormonal secretion. This system is responsible for producing and releasing hormones that regulate various bodily functions such as growth, metabolism, and mood. Choice A, regulation of water balance, is more related to the functions of the renal system rather than the endocrine system. Choice C, cellular metabolism, is a general cellular process that involves various systems, not specific to the endocrine system. Choice D, growth stimulation, though hormones can influence growth, it is not the primary function of the endocrine system. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

2. When evaluating the laboratory report of a 1-year-old infant’s hematocrit, a healthcare provider compares it with the expected hematocrit range for this age group. What is the hematocrit of a healthy 12-month-old infant?

• A. 19% to 32%
• B. 29% to 41%
• C. 37% to 47%
• D. 42% to 69%

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct hematocrit range for a healthy 12-month-old infant is between 37% to 47%. At this age, this range reflects the normal blood volume and red blood cell (RBC) levels in infants. Choice A (19% to 32%) is too low for a healthy hematocrit level in a 12-month-old. Choice B (29% to 41%) is also below the typical range for a 12-month-old. Choice D (42% to 69%) includes an upper limit that is higher than expected for a healthy infant, making it an incorrect option.

3. When compensating for increased physical activity, what should the nurse teach a child with type 1 diabetes to do?

• A. Eat more food when planning to exercise more than usual.
• B. Take oral, not injectable insulin, on days of heavy exercise.
• C. Take insulin in the morning when extra exercise is anticipated.
• D. Eat foods that contain sugar to compensate for the extra exercise.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Eat more food when planning to exercise more than usual.' Increased physical activity requires more energy, so additional food intake is necessary to prevent hypoglycemia. Choice B is incorrect because the method of insulin administration should not be altered based on physical activity. Choice C is incorrect as insulin timing should be consistent rather than based on anticipated exercise. Choice D is incorrect since relying on foods with sugar can lead to unstable blood sugar levels, which is not ideal for managing diabetes during exercise.

4. While caring for a 5-year-old child hospitalized for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), what is the priority nursing intervention?

• A. Administering antibiotics
• B. Preventing infection
• C. Providing nutritional support
• D. Managing pain

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is preventing infection due to their compromised immune system. Children undergoing treatment for ALL are highly susceptible to infections, making infection prevention crucial for the child's well-being and treatment success. Administering antibiotics, though important in specific cases, is not the priority in this scenario. Providing nutritional support and managing pain are significant aspects of care but take a back seat to infection prevention in this situation.

5. At 2 years of age, a child is readmitted to the hospital for additional surgery. What is the most important factor in preparing the toddler for this experience?

• A. Satisfying the child’s wishes
• B. Previous experience of hospitalization
• C. Preventing the child from being with strangers
• D. Ensuring the child still receives parental affection

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most important factor in preparing a toddler for additional surgery is their previous experience of hospitalization. This familiarity can help reduce anxiety and fear associated with the hospital environment and medical procedures. Choice A, satisfying the child’s wishes, may not always be feasible or in the child's best interest during medical procedures. Choice C, preventing the child from being with strangers, may not address the core issue of preparing the child for surgery. Choice D, ensuring the child still receives parental affection, is important but may not directly address the preparation needed for surgery.

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