Nursing Elites

1. During a check-up for a 5-year-old child with eczema before school starts, what will the nurse do?

• A. Change the bandage on a cut on the child’s hand.
• B. Assess the compliance with treatment regimens.
• C. Discuss systemic corticosteroid therapy.
• D. Assess the child’s fluid volume.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Assessing compliance with treatment regimens is crucial in managing eczema effectively and preventing flare-ups. This involves ensuring that the child is following the prescribed treatment plan, which may include medication application, skincare routines, and lifestyle modifications. Changing a bandage on a cut would not be a routine part of an eczema check-up unless there was a specific wound related to eczema. Discussing systemic corticosteroid therapy may be part of the management plan for severe eczema cases but would not be the primary focus during a routine check-up. Assessing the child’s fluid volume, while important in general health assessments, is not directly related to managing eczema specifically.

2. When teaching a class about trisomy 21, the instructor would identify the cause of this disorder as:

• A. nondisjunction.
• B. X-linked recessive inheritance.
• C. genomic imprinting.
• D. autosomal dominant inheritance.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is caused by nondisjunction, which is an error in cell division that leads to the presence of an extra chromosome 21. This additional chromosome alters the normal genetic makeup, resulting in the characteristics associated with Down syndrome. Therefore, the correct answer is nondisjunction (Choice A). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Trisomy 21 is not caused by X-linked recessive inheritance, genomic imprinting, or autosomal dominant inheritance. Understanding the specific genetic mechanism involved in Trisomy 21 is crucial for grasping the basis of this chromosomal disorder.

3. A nurse is assessing the oral cavity of a 6-month-old infant. The parent asks which teeth will erupt first. How should the nurse respond?

• A. Incisors
• B. Canines
• C. Upper molars
• D. Lower molars

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Incisors. In infants, incisors are usually the first teeth to erupt, typically around 6 months of age. These are the front teeth used for cutting food. Canines (Choice B), upper molars (Choice C), and lower molars (Choice D) typically erupt after the incisors. Canines are sharp teeth used for tearing food, while molars are flat teeth used for grinding food.

4. Seizures in children most often result from

• A. an abrupt rise in body temperature
• B. an inflammatory process in the brain
• C. a temperature greater than 102°F
• D. a life-threatening infection

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Seizures in children most often result from an abrupt rise in body temperature, leading to febrile seizures. Febrile seizures are common in young children and are typically triggered by a rapid increase in body temperature, often due to infections or other causes. An inflammatory process in the brain (Choice B) is less common as a cause of seizures in children and is usually associated with specific conditions like encephalitis or meningitis. While a temperature greater than 102°F (Choice C) may trigger a febrile seizure, it is the abrupt rise in temperature that is the primary cause. Choice D, a life-threatening infection, is a broad and less specific cause compared to the direct trigger of an abrupt rise in body temperature.

5. A nurse is assessing a child with suspected rotavirus infection. What clinical manifestation is the nurse likely to observe?

• A. Abdominal pain
• B. Diarrhea
• C. Constipation
• D. Vomiting

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diarrhea. Rotavirus infection commonly presents with symptoms such as watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. While abdominal pain and vomiting are also associated with rotavirus infection, diarrhea is a hallmark feature. Constipation is not typically seen in cases of rotavirus infection. Therefore, the most likely clinical manifestation that the nurse would observe in a child with suspected rotavirus infection is diarrhea.

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