HESI LPN
Pediatrics HESI 2023
1. A nurse is teaching the parents of a child with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus about blood glucose monitoring. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Checking blood glucose levels before meals and at bedtime
- B. Using a lancet device to obtain blood samples
- C. Using urine test strips for monitoring
- D. Recognizing signs of hypoglycemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Checking blood glucose levels before meals and at bedtime is essential in managing type 1 diabetes mellitus as it helps in monitoring blood sugar levels at different times of the day and adjusting insulin doses accordingly. Option B about using a lancet device to obtain blood samples is a technique rather than an emphasis on monitoring frequency. Option C suggesting the use of urine test strips is incorrect as urine test strips are not recommended for accurate real-time monitoring of blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes. Option D, recognizing signs of hypoglycemia, is important but not the primary emphasis when educating about blood glucose monitoring.
2. A parent asks the nurse what to do when their toddler has temper tantrums. What play materials should the nurse suggest to offer the child as another way of expressing anger?
- A. Ball and bat
- B. Wad of clay
- C. Punching bag
- D. Pegs and pounding board
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Pegs and pounding boards are the most suitable choice for toddlers to express their emotions constructively. These materials provide a safe and acceptable way for toddlers to release anger and frustration through physical activity. Options A, B, and C may not be as effective or safe for toddlers dealing with temper tantrums. A ball and bat may encourage aggressive behavior rather than constructive expression. A wad of clay might not be ideal for channeling anger, and a punching bag can potentially promote violent behavior, which is not appropriate for toddlers.
3. When evaluating the effectiveness of a client's nursing care, the nurse first reviews the expected outcomes identified in the plan of care. What action should the nurse take next?
- A. Determine if the expected outcomes were realistic
- B. Obtain current client data to compare with expected outcomes
- C. Modify the nursing interventions to achieve the client's goals
- D. Review related professional standards of care
Correct answer: B
Rationale: After reviewing the expected outcomes in the plan of care, the nurse should obtain current client data to compare with these outcomes. This step is crucial in determining the effectiveness of the care provided. Choice A is incorrect because determining the realism of expected outcomes comes after assessing current client data. Choice C is incorrect as modifying nursing interventions should be based on the data comparison rather than done immediately after reviewing expected outcomes. Choice D is also incorrect as reviewing professional standards of care is important but not the immediate next step in evaluating care effectiveness.
4. After surgical repair of a cleft palate, what should be used to prevent injury to the suture line?
- A. Straw
- B. Spoon
- C. Syringe
- D. Cup
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Syringe. Using a syringe helps in feeding without causing injury to the suture line after cleft palate repair because it avoids direct contact with the suture area. Straws and spoons can potentially put pressure on the suture line, leading to injury. Cups may not provide the necessary control to prevent contact with the suture line, unlike a syringe.
5. A client with a new colostomy is being taught how to irrigate the ostomy. The healthcare provider realizes that the client needs further teaching when the client:
- A. Positions the irrigating solution bag 30 inches below the stoma
- B. Uses an open system for irrigation
- C. Irrigates the colostomy twice a day
- D. Cleans the stoma with harsh chemicals
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Positioning the irrigating solution bag 30 inches below the stoma would cause discomfort and ineffective irrigation as the bag should be positioned at a lower level. Option B is incorrect because a closed system for irrigation is the preferred method for colostomy irrigation. Option C is incorrect as colostomy irrigation is typically done once a day unless otherwise instructed by a healthcare provider. Option D is incorrect as the stoma should be cleaned with mild soap and water to prevent skin irritation and damage.