HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI Test Bank
1. The nurse is caring for a 12-year-old boy with idiopathic thrombocytopenia. The nurse is providing discharge instructions about home care and safety recommendations to the boy and his parents. Which response indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. We should avoid aspirin and drugs like ibuprofen.
- B. He should avoid participating in football for safety.
- C. Swimming would be a great activity.
- D. Our son cannot take any antihistamines.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Participation in contact sports like football should be avoided in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenia due to the increased risk of bleeding. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because avoiding aspirin and drugs like ibuprofen, engaging in activities like swimming, and avoiding antihistamines are all appropriate recommendations for a child with idiopathic thrombocytopenia to prevent bleeding episodes and ensure safety.
2. A parent tearfully tells a nurse, 'They think our child is developmentally delayed. We are thinking about investigating a preschool program for cognitively impaired children.' What is the nurse’s most appropriate response?
- A. Praise the parent for the decision and encourage the plan.
- B. Ask for more specific information related to the developmental delays.
- C. Advise the parent to have the healthcare provider help choose an appropriate program.
- D. Explain that this may be a premature action and the developmental delays could disappear.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate response for the nurse in this situation is to ask for more specific information related to the developmental delays. By seeking additional details, the nurse can better understand the situation, offer appropriate support, and provide guidance tailored to the child's specific needs. Praising the parent or encouraging the plan without understanding the full context may not be beneficial. Advising the parent to have the healthcare provider help choose a program assumes the parent has not already involved the healthcare provider, which may not be the case. Explaining that the developmental delays could disappear is not appropriate as it may give false hope or minimize the parent's concerns.
3. Which is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for the child with acute glomerulonephritis?
- A. Risk for injury related to malignant process and treatment
- B. Fluid volume deficit related to excessive losses
- C. Fluid volume excess related to decreased plasma filtration
- D. Fluid volume excess related to fluid accumulation in tissues and third spaces
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a child with acute glomerulonephritis is fluid volume excess related to decreased plasma filtration. Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, leading to decreased plasma filtration and retention of fluid. This results in fluid volume excess rather than fluid deficit (choice B) or fluid accumulation in tissues and third spaces (choice D). The diagnosis of 'risk for injury related to malignant process and treatment' (choice A) is not directly related to the pathophysiology of acute glomerulonephritis.
4. An infant is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease. What nursing intervention is essential before surgery?
- A. Administering antibiotics
- B. Ensuring bowel rest
- C. Performing regular enemas
- D. Maintaining NPO status
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct nursing intervention essential before surgery for an infant with Hirschsprung disease is maintaining NPO (nothing by mouth) status. This is important to prevent aspiration during and after the surgical procedure. Administering antibiotics (Choice A) may be necessary in some cases but is not the priority intervention before surgery. Ensuring bowel rest (Choice B) is not directly related to preparing for surgery and may not be the most critical intervention. Performing regular enemas (Choice C) is not recommended before surgery for Hirschsprung disease as it can aggravate the condition.
5. A healthcare provider is assessing a 2-year-old child with suspected Down syndrome. What characteristic physical feature is the healthcare provider likely to observe?
- A. Epicanthal folds
- B. Webbed neck
- C. Enlarged head
- D. Polydactyly
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Epicanthal folds are a common physical feature seen in individuals with Down syndrome. These are folds of skin that cover the inner corners of the eyes. Webbed neck (Choice B) is associated with Turner syndrome, not Down syndrome. Enlarged head (Choice C) is not a typical physical characteristic of Down syndrome. Polydactyly (Choice D) is the presence of extra fingers or toes, which is not specifically related to Down syndrome.
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