HESI LPN
Pediatric Practice Exam HESI
1. What is the priority nursing intervention for a child admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis?
- A. Monitoring for hypertension
- B. Providing pain relief
- C. Restricting fluid intake
- D. Encouraging fluid intake
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a child with acute glomerulonephritis is monitoring for hypertension. Acute glomerulonephritis involves inflammation of the kidney's glomeruli, leading to impaired kidney function. Hypertension is a common complication due to fluid retention and increased renin-angiotensin system activity. Monitoring for hypertension is crucial for early detection and management to prevent further kidney damage and complications. Providing pain relief (Choice B) may be required for discomfort but is not the priority. Restricting fluid intake (Choice C) may be necessary in some kidney diseases, but in acute glomerulonephritis, the focus is on monitoring and managing hypertension. Encouraging fluid intake (Choice D) is inappropriate as it can exacerbate fluid overload and hypertension in acute glomerulonephritis.
2. A client is 4 hours postpartum and is experiencing hypovolemic shock. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Administer indomethacin
- B. Insert a second 22-gauge IV catheter.
- C. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter.
- D. Administer oxygen at 4L/min via nasal cannula.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In hypovolemic shock, there is decreased oxygen delivery to tissues. Administering oxygen at 4L/min via nasal cannula can help improve oxygenation and support tissue perfusion. Indomethacin (Choice A) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and is not indicated in the management of hypovolemic shock. Inserting a second 22-gauge IV catheter (Choice B) may be necessary for fluid resuscitation, but oxygen administration takes precedence. Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter (Choice C) may be considered for monitoring urinary output, but it is not the priority action in managing hypovolemic shock.
3. What is the recommended daily intake of fiber for adults?
- A. 10 grams
- B. 15 grams
- C. 20 grams
- D. 25 grams
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The recommended daily intake of fiber for adults is 25 grams. Fiber plays a crucial role in maintaining digestive health, preventing constipation, and aiding in weight management. Options A (10 grams), B (15 grams), and C (20 grams) are incorrect as they are below the recommended daily intake of fiber for adults, which is 25 grams.
4. What class of laxative would the nurse recommend to a patient asking about the best way to prevent constipation?
- A. Stimulant laxatives
- B. Bulk-forming laxatives
- C. Emollient laxatives
- D. Hyperosmotic laxatives
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bulk-forming laxatives. These laxatives are recommended to prevent constipation because they work by absorbing liquid in the intestines, forming a bulky, soft stool that is easier to pass. They are safe and considered the most natural option. Stimulant laxatives (choice A) work by promoting bowel movements through intestinal contractions and are more suitable for treating occasional constipation rather than preventing it. Emollient laxatives (choice C) soften the stool by increasing the incorporation of water into the feces and are more suitable for patients who need to avoid straining during defecation. Hyperosmotic laxatives (choice D) work by drawing water into the intestine through osmosis and are typically used for more severe cases of constipation, not for prevention.
5. A client with a history of hypertension is receiving enalapril (Vasotec). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Hypercalcemia
- D. Hypokalemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperkalemia. Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, can lead to hyperkalemia as a side effect. ACE inhibitors can cause potassium retention by inhibiting aldosterone secretion, which may result in elevated potassium levels. Hypoglycemia (choice B) is not typically associated with enalapril use. Hypercalcemia (choice C) is also not a common side effect of enalapril. Hypokalemia (choice D) is the opposite of what is expected with enalapril, as it tends to cause potassium retention.