Nursing Elites

1. Which nursing intervention provides the most support to the parents of an infant with an obvious physical anomaly?

• A. Encourage them to express their concerns.
• B. Discourage them from talking about their baby.
• C. Assure them not to worry because the anomaly can be repaired.
• D. Show them postoperative photographs of infants who had a similar anomaly.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Encouraging parents to express their concerns is the most supportive intervention because it allows them to process their emotions and provides them with an opportunity to share their fears, anxieties, and questions. This open communication helps the nurse to offer appropriate support, education, and reassurance. Discouraging parents from talking about their baby (Choice B) can hinder their emotional expression and prevent them from seeking necessary information and support. Assuring parents not to worry (Choice C) may invalidate their feelings and minimize the significance of their concerns. Showing postoperative photographs (Choice D) may not be appropriate at this stage as parents need emotional support and education about the current situation before focusing on postoperative outcomes.

2. What factor predisposes the urinary tract to infection in children?

• A. increased fluid intake
• B. short urethra in young girls
• C. prostatic secretions in males
• D. frequent emptying of the bladder

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The short urethra in young girls is a significant factor that predisposes them to urinary tract infections. Girls have a shorter urethra than boys, making it easier for bacteria to travel up the urinary tract, leading to infections. Increased fluid intake (Choice A) is actually a preventive measure as it helps flush out bacteria from the urinary tract. Prostatic secretions in males (Choice C) do not predispose the urinary tract to infection in children. Frequent emptying of the bladder (Choice D) is also a good practice to prevent urinary tract infections by reducing the chances of bacterial growth in the urinary tract.

3. The healthcare provider closely monitors the temperature of a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. The purpose of this assessment is to detect an early sign of which possible complication?

• A. infection
• B. hypertension
• C. encephalopathy
• D. edema

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Monitoring the temperature of a child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome is crucial for detecting early signs of infection, a common complication in this condition. In nephrotic syndrome, the child's immune system is compromised, making them more susceptible to infections. Monitoring for fever or any changes in temperature can help healthcare providers intervene promptly to prevent further complications. Hypertension (choice B) is not typically associated with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Encephalopathy (choice C) refers to brain dysfunction and is not a common complication of nephrotic syndrome. Edema (choice D) is a primary manifestation of nephrotic syndrome but is not typically monitored through temperature assessment.

4. When explaining a viral disease that begins with malaise and a highly pruritic rash starting on the abdomen, spreading to the face and proximal extremities, and potentially leading to severe complications, which childhood disease is a nurse discussing with members of a grammar school’s Parent-Teachers Association?

• A. Rubella
• B. Rubeola
• C. Chickenpox
• D. Scarlet fever

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is Chickenpox (varicella). This viral disease typically starts with malaise and a highly pruritic rash that begins on the abdomen and then spreads to the face and proximal extremities. Chickenpox can result in serious complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis. Rubella (German measles) presents with a milder rash and is less pruritic than chickenpox. Rubeola (measles) is characterized by a rash that spreads from the head to the trunk. Scarlet fever is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria and is not a viral illness.

5. The father is being taught by a nurse how to stimulate his 7-year-old son who has a 'slow-to-warm-up' temperament. Which guidance will be most successful?

• A. Telling him to read stories to the child about famous athletes
• B. Suggesting he take the child to watch him play softball
• C. Urging him to sign the child up for little league football
• D. Proposing wrestling with the child and letting him win

Correct answer: A

Rationale: For a child with a 'slow-to-warm-up' temperament, it is important to choose activities that are less intense and allow for gradual engagement. Reading stories to the child about famous athletes would be the most successful approach as it is less active and more likely to be acceptable to the child's temperament. Choice B and C involve more active and potentially overwhelming activities, which may not suit the child's temperament. Choice D, proposing wrestling and letting the child win, might create a competitive environment that could be counterproductive for a 'slow-to-warm-up' child.

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