Nursing Elites

1. A child has been admitted to the pediatric unit with a severe asthma attack. What type of acid-base imbalance should the nurse expect the child to develop?

• A. metabolic alkalosis due to insufficient production of acid metabolites
• B. respiratory alkalosis due to depressed respirations and retention of carbon dioxide
• C. respiratory acidosis due to impaired respirations and increased formation of carbonic acid
• D. metabolic acidosis due to the kidneys' inability to compensate for decreased carbonic acid formation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a severe asthma attack, the child is likely to develop respiratory acidosis. This occurs due to impaired respirations, leading to the retention of carbon dioxide and the formation of carbonic acid. Choice A is incorrect as metabolic alkalosis is not expected in this situation. Choice B is incorrect as respiratory alkalosis does not align with the scenario of impaired respirations in severe asthma attacks. Choice D is also incorrect as it describes metabolic acidosis, which is not typically associated with severe asthma attacks.

2. A healthcare professional is educating a parent group about the importance of immunizations. Which disease can be prevented by the varicella vaccine?

• A. Measles
• B. Mumps
• C. Rubella
• D. Chickenpox

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The varicella vaccine is specifically designed to prevent chickenpox. Measles, mumps, and rubella are prevented by different vaccines (MMR vaccine for measles, mumps, and rubella). Therefore, the correct answer is chickenpox (varicella). It is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide accurate information about vaccines to help ensure the health and well-being of individuals.

3. A child with a diagnosis of celiac disease is admitted to the hospital. What dietary restriction should the nurse teach the parents?

• A. Avoid dairy products
• B. Avoid gluten
• C. Avoid high-fat foods
• D. Avoid foods high in sugar

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Avoid gluten.' Children with celiac disease must follow a gluten-free diet to prevent symptoms and intestinal damage. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, which triggers an immune response in individuals with celiac disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while some individuals with celiac disease may also have lactose intolerance or may need to manage fat or sugar intake for overall health, the primary dietary restriction for celiac disease is avoiding gluten to maintain gastrointestinal health.

4. A parent asks the nurse what to do for their child who has an earache and fever. What should the nurse suggest?

• A. Applying a warm compress to the affected ear
• B. Giving the child a cold drink
• C. Administering acetaminophen
• D. Taking the child to the emergency department

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Applying a warm compress to the affected ear is a recommended home remedy for earaches as it can help reduce pain and discomfort. The warmth can also help improve circulation and promote drainage if there is fluid buildup. Giving a cold drink (Choice B) is not typically beneficial for earaches and fever. Administering acetaminophen (Choice C) can help reduce fever and alleviate pain, but addressing the earache directly with a warm compress is a more targeted approach. Taking the child to the emergency department (Choice D) is not necessary for a common earache unless there are severe symptoms or complications present.

5. The parents of a child who has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes ask about exercise. What should the nurse explain about exercise in type 1 diabetes?

• A. Exercise will increase blood glucose levels
• B. Exercise should be restricted
• C. Extra snacks are needed before exercise
• D. Extra insulin is required during exercise

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In type 1 diabetes, extra snacks are needed before exercise to prevent hypoglycemia. It is important to provide additional carbohydrates to maintain blood glucose levels during physical activity. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Exercise typically lowers blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes; however, proper management and adjustments in insulin and food intake are necessary to prevent hypoglycemia. Exercise should not be restricted in individuals with type 1 diabetes but should be planned in coordination with healthcare providers to ensure safety and optimal glucose control. While some individuals may need adjustments in insulin dosages during exercise, the general statement that extra insulin is required during exercise in type 1 diabetes is not accurate.

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