HESI LPN
Fundamentals of Nursing HESI
1. The healthcare provider is assessing a client with suspected tuberculosis. Which symptom would be most concerning?
- A. Night sweats
- B. Weight loss
- C. Cough with bloody sputum
- D. Fatigue
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cough with bloody sputum is a hallmark symptom of tuberculosis and is highly concerning as it indicates active disease. Hemoptysis (coughing up blood) is associated with tuberculosis infection in the lungs. While night sweats and weight loss are common symptoms of tuberculosis, they are less specific than coughing with bloody sputum. Fatigue is a nonspecific symptom that can be present in various conditions and is not specific to tuberculosis.
2. A child with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is being evaluated for medication management. What is an important assessment for the nurse to perform?
- A. Assess the child's sleep patterns
- B. Assess the child's dietary intake
- C. Assess the child's academic performance
- D. Assess the child's behavior at home
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Assessing the child's dietary intake is crucial in managing symptoms and ensuring proper nutrition in children with ADHD. Dietary factors can influence ADHD symptoms. While sleep patterns, academic performance, and behavior at home are important aspects to consider, dietary assessment plays a significant role in the management of ADHD.
3. A 40-year-old male client diagnosed with schizophrenia and alcohol dependence has not had any visitors or phone calls since admission. He reports he has no family that cares about him and was living on the streets prior to this admission. According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which stage is the client in at this time?
- A. Isolation.
- B. Stagnation.
- C. Despair.
- D. Role confusion.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The client is in Erikson's 'Generativity vs. Stagnation' stage (age 24 to 45). This stage involves maintaining intimate relationships and moving toward developing a family, which the client seems to be struggling with due to lack of visitors and family support. Choices (A), (C), and (D) are incorrect. Isolation typically occurs in young adulthood (age 18 to 25), Despair in maturity (age 45 to death), and Role confusion in adolescence (age 12 to 20). These stages reflect challenges individuals face if they do not successfully navigate their psychosocial developmental tasks.
4. Which of the following statements about CHN is wrong?
- A. CHN synthesizes public health with nursing
- B. CHN emphasizes health
- C. Promoting clients' autonomy is a responsibility of public nursing
- D. CHN makes a unique contribution to health care not by the nature of its practice but where it is practiced
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The statement in option D is incorrect. The unique contribution of Community Health Nursing (CHN) is not only where it is practiced but also by the nature of its practice. CHN's distinct value lies in its approach to care delivery, focusing on preventive care, health promotion, and addressing the needs of specific communities. Options A and B are correct as CHN involves synthesizing public health principles with nursing practice and emphasizes holistic health. Option C is incorrect as promoting clients' autonomy is a fundamental aspect of community health nursing, respecting individuals' rights to make decisions about their health.
5. The home health care agency can expect to obtain Medicare reimbursement for which home visit performed by a registered nurse or a practical nurse?
- A. assessment of the speech pattern of a mobile adult who had a mild stroke last year
- B. safety teaching for an older male client whose wife complains that he uses an unsafe ladder while painting
- C. wound care for a client who had postoperative infection following abdominal surgery two weeks ago
- D. evaluation of crutch use by a 65-year-old client who broke his tibia while snow skiing
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because wound care for a postoperative infection qualifies for Medicare reimbursement. Medicare typically covers skilled nursing care, like wound care, required due to a postoperative infection. Choices A, B, and D involve assessments, teaching, and evaluation, which may not always be eligible for Medicare reimbursement unless they are directly related to skilled nursing care for a specific medical condition.