Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is assessing a 12-year-old who has Hemophilia A. Which finding would the nurse anticipate?

• A. An excess of red blood cells
• B. An excess of white blood cells
• C. A deficiency of clotting factor VIII
• D. A deficiency of clotting factors VIII and IX

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A deficiency of clotting factor VIII. Hemophilia A is characterized by a lack of clotting factor VIII, which is crucial for blood clotting. This deficiency results in prolonged bleeding. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. There is no association between Hemophilia A and an excess of red blood cells (Choice A) or an excess of white blood cells (Choice B). Additionally, Hemophilia A specifically involves a deficiency of clotting factor VIII, not both factors VIII and IX (Choice D).

2. Which of the following statements about TB treatment is INCORRECT?

• A. Combination of 3-4 anti-TB drugs is the treatment of choice
• B. Single drug therapy is appropriate
• C. Treatment renders patients non-infectious and cured
• D. Tuberculosis is a curable disease

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Single drug therapy is not appropriate for TB due to the risk of developing resistance. The most effective approach to TB treatment is a combination of 3-4 anti-TB drugs. This combination helps to prevent the development of drug resistance and improve treatment outcomes. Choice C is correct as TB treatment, when completed successfully, renders patients non-infectious and cured. Choice D is also correct as tuberculosis is indeed a curable disease with appropriate treatment. Therefore, the incorrect statement is B.

3. The delivery of basic health services was decentralized to the local government units. The legal basis for this is embodied in:

• A. RA 7035
• B. EO 119
• C. RA 7160
• D. PD 999

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, RA 7160. This law, also known as the Local Government Code, decentralizes health services to local government units. RA 7035 is not the legal basis for decentralizing basic health services. EO 119 and PD 999 are also not the correct legal bases for the decentralization of health services.

4. During an initial clinic visit, the nurse is taking the history for a client who wants to confirm her pregnancy. The client's last child has a history of low-birth-weight (LBW). Which additional finding is most important for the nurse to consider?

• A. Cigarette smoking.
• B. African American ethnicity.
• C. Poor nutritional status.
• D. Limited maternal education.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for low birth weight. Smoking during pregnancy reduces the amount of oxygen available to the baby, leading to LBW. Choice B, African American ethnicity, while it may be a risk factor, is not as directly linked to LBW as cigarette smoking. Choice C, poor nutritional status, can contribute to LBW but is not as significant as cigarette smoking in this case. Choice D, limited maternal education, is an important social determinant of health but is not as directly related to LBW as cigarette smoking.

5. An example of the continuum health model of health and wellness would be:

• A. a person is either well or not, and the emphasis is on continuously and aggressively treating people who are ill
• B. predicting that a person will most likely continue good health practices, based on his or her health practices in the past, such as getting flu shots
• C. using acupuncture and therapeutic touch to cure disease instead of traditional medical therapies
• D. none of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The continuum health model emphasizes ongoing health practices based on past behaviors. Choice A is incorrect as it describes a more binary approach to health. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses on alternative therapies rather than the continuity of health practices.

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