Nursing Elites

1. In reviewing the assessment data of a client suspected of having diabetes insipidus, the nurse expects which of the following after a water deprivation test?

• A. Increased edema and weight gain
• B. Unchanged urine specific gravity
• C. Rapid protein excretion
• D. Decreased blood potassium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: After a water deprivation test in a client suspected of having diabetes insipidus, the nurse would expect the urine specific gravity to remain unchanged. This occurs because in diabetes insipidus, the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine, leading to a low urine specific gravity even after water deprivation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increased edema and weight gain are not typical findings in diabetes insipidus. Rapid protein excretion is not directly related to the condition, and decreased blood potassium is not a common outcome of a water deprivation test for diabetes insipidus.

2. All of the following are objectives of FHSIS EXCEPT:

• A. To complete the clinical picture of chronic diseases and describe their natural history
• B. To provide a standardized, facility-level database that can be accessed for more in-depth studies
• C. To minimize recording and reporting burden, allowing more time for patient care and promotive activities
• D. To ensure that data reported are useful and accurate and are disseminated in a timely and easy-to-use fashion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Completing the clinical picture of chronic diseases and describing their natural history is not an objective of FHSIS. The objectives of FHSIS include providing a standardized, facility-level database for more in-depth studies (B), minimizing recording and reporting burden to allow more time for patient care and promotive activities (C), and ensuring that reported data are useful, accurate, and disseminated in a timely and easy-to-use manner (D). Therefore, A is the exception among the listed objectives.

3. What is a critical factor in determining community health?

• A. Number of hospitals
• B. Availability of healthcare services
• C. Socioeconomic status
• D. Population density

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The availability of healthcare services is a critical factor in determining community health. While the number of hospitals may contribute to healthcare accessibility, it is the overall availability of healthcare services that encompasses various factors including hospitals, clinics, healthcare providers, and resources. Socioeconomic status and population density are important determinants of health outcomes, but the direct availability of healthcare services plays a more immediate and direct role in promoting community health.

4. What is usually the first contact between community members and other levels of health facilities called?

• A. Secondary level health care
• B. Primary health care
• C. Tertiary level care
• D. Intermediate level care

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Primary health care. Primary health care is the initial point of contact between community members and the healthcare system. This level of care focuses on preventive and primary treatment services. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because secondary, tertiary, and intermediate care levels are more specialized and are usually accessed after primary care, depending on the complexity of the health issue.

5. Which of the following is a major focus of tertiary prevention?

• A. Preventing the onset of disease
• B. Early detection and treatment
• C. Reducing the impact of an ongoing illness
• D. Health education

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Reducing the impact of an ongoing illness.' Tertiary prevention aims to minimize the effects of a disease or condition that is already established. Choices A, 'Preventing the onset of disease,' and B, 'Early detection and treatment,' are aspects of primary and secondary prevention, respectively. Choice D, 'Health education,' is more related to promoting awareness and knowledge rather than specifically focusing on reducing the impact of an ongoing illness.

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