HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Study Guide
1. In reviewing the assessment data of a client suspected of having diabetes insipidus, the nurse expects which of the following after a water deprivation test?
- A. Increased edema and weight gain
- B. Unchanged urine specific gravity
- C. Rapid protein excretion
- D. Decreased blood potassium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: After a water deprivation test in a client suspected of having diabetes insipidus, the nurse would expect the urine specific gravity to remain unchanged. This occurs because in diabetes insipidus, the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine, leading to a low urine specific gravity even after water deprivation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increased edema and weight gain are not typical findings in diabetes insipidus. Rapid protein excretion is not directly related to the condition, and decreased blood potassium is not a common outcome of a water deprivation test for diabetes insipidus.
2. Certain health policies/strategies serve as guidelines in the delivery of services. Which of these is incorrect?
- A. A growth monitoring chart is a tool recommended for assessing and recording the child's health condition.
- B. Voluntary blood donation should be promoted through the organization of walking blood banks in rural areas.
- C. Public sectors should collaborate with the private sector for effective utilization of resources.
- D. Traditional birth attendants should be trained and allowed to provide prenatal care to mothers.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is incorrect because public sectors are encouraged to collaborate with the private sector for effective utilization of resources, not work separately. Collaborating with the private sector can lead to improved resource allocation, better service delivery, and enhanced healthcare outcomes. Choices A, B, and D are correct as growth monitoring charts are indeed recommended for assessing child health, promoting voluntary blood donation through walking blood banks is beneficial, and training traditional birth attendants to provide prenatal care can improve maternal health.
3. The hospital is planning to downsize and eliminate a number of staff positions as a cost-saving measure. To assist staff in this change process, the nurse manager is preparing for the "unfreezing" phase of change. With this approach and phase the nurse manager should
- A. Discuss with the staff how to deal with any defensive behavior
- B. Explain to the unit staff why change is necessary
- C. Assist the staff during the acceptance of the new changes
- D. Clarify what the changes mean to the community and hospital
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The "unfreezing" phase involves preparing staff for change by explaining the necessity and benefits of the change, helping them to understand and accept it.
4. During the care of a client with Legionnaire's disease, which finding would require the nurse's immediate attention?
- A. Pleuritic pain on inspiration
- B. Dry mucus membranes in the mouth
- C. A decrease in respiratory rate from 34 to 24
- D. Decrease in chest wall expansion
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A decrease in chest wall expansion suggests that the client may be experiencing a serious complication, such as worsening pneumonia or respiratory failure, requiring immediate medical attention. This finding indicates a potential decrease in lung function, which could lead to respiratory distress. Pleuritic pain on inspiration may be related to the disease process but does not indicate an immediate need for intervention. Dry mucus membranes in the mouth may require attention but are not as critical as a decrease in chest wall expansion. A decrease in respiratory rate could be concerning but is not as urgent as a decrease in chest wall expansion, which directly impacts respiratory function.
5. A public health nurse is working with a community to develop a disaster response plan. Which of the following is the priority action?
- A. Identifying available resources and services
- B. Conducting disaster drills
- C. Educating the community about disaster preparedness
- D. Developing a communication plan
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Identifying available resources and services is the priority action when developing a disaster response plan. This step is crucial as it helps the community understand what resources and services are already in place and what additional support may be needed during a disaster. Conducting disaster drills, educating the community about disaster preparedness, and developing a communication plan are important steps in disaster preparedness but come after identifying available resources and services. Without knowing the available resources, it would be challenging to effectively plan and respond to a disaster.
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