HESI LPN
Mental Health HESI Practice Questions
1. The LPN/LVN is caring for a client with schizophrenia who is experiencing auditory hallucinations. Which intervention is most appropriate?
- A. Encourage the client to focus on reality-based activities.
- B. Ask the client to describe the voices he hears.
- C. Tell the client that the voices are not real.
- D. Encourage the client to interact with others who are not experiencing hallucinations.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Asking the client to describe the voices he hears is the most appropriate intervention in this situation. It helps the nurse assess the content and severity of the hallucinations, enabling the planning of appropriate interventions. Choice A is not as effective as directly addressing the hallucinations. Choice C may lead to mistrust as the client believes the voices are real. Choice D does not address the client's immediate need related to the hallucinations.
2. A 6-month-old infant who is being treated for developmental dysplasia of the hip has been placed in a hip spica cast. The nurse should teach the parents to
- A. Gently rub the skin with a cotton swab to relieve itching
- B. Place the favorite books and push-pull toys in the crib
- C. Check every few hours for the next day or 2 for swelling in the baby's feet
- D. Turn the baby with the abduction stabilizer bar every 2 hours
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to check every few hours for the next day or 2 for swelling in the baby's feet. Swelling in the baby's feet could indicate compromised circulation due to the cast, and frequent checks are necessary to ensure that there are no complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because rubbing the skin with a cotton swab, placing favorite items in the crib, and turning the baby with the abduction stabilizer bar do not address the potential issue of compromised circulation and swelling in the baby's feet.
3. In order to establish priorities in planning and implementing the occupational health program, which of the following data will the nurse need?
- A. disease trends, birth and death rates, and social environmental conditions
- B. birth and death rates
- C. disease trends
- D. social environmental conditions
Correct answer: A
Rationale: To effectively plan and implement an occupational health program, the nurse needs comprehensive data, including disease trends, birth and death rates, and social environmental conditions. This holistic approach ensures that the program addresses a wide range of health aspects impacting the target population. Option A is the correct choice as it considers multiple factors influencing occupational health. Choices B, C, and D are each individually important but do not provide the breadth of information required to establish priorities in a comprehensive occupational health program.
4. What are some of the earliest signs and symptoms of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy?
- A. Clumsiness, difficulty running, climbing, and riding a bicycle
- B. Pain and inflammation in the bones
- C. Deformity of the foot
- D. Infection in the joint leading to arthritis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clumsiness, difficulty running, climbing, and riding a bicycle are some of the earliest signs and symptoms of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and weakness. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent the typical early signs and symptoms of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. Pain and inflammation in the bones (choice B) are more indicative of conditions like osteomyelitis; deformity of the foot (choice C) is characteristic of talipes or clubfoot; and infection in the joint leading to arthritis (choice D) is more aligned with septic joint or supportive arthritis.
5. In the immediate postoperative period for a cleft lip repair in a 2-month-old infant, which nursing approach should be the priority?
- A. Remove protective arm devices one at a time for short periods with supervision
- B. Initiate oral feedings when alert
- C. Introduce the parents to the suture line cleansing protocol
- D. Position the infant on the back after feedings throughout the day
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct nursing approach in the immediate postoperative period for a cleft lip repair in an infant is to remove protective arm devices one at a time for short periods with supervision. This approach helps prevent injury to the surgical site while ensuring the infant's comfort and safety. Choice B is incorrect as initiating oral feedings immediately after surgery may not be appropriate and could compromise the surgical site. Choice C is incorrect as introducing parents to the suture line cleansing protocol is important but not the immediate priority. Choice D is incorrect as positioning the infant on the back after feedings is not specific to the immediate postoperative period for a cleft lip repair.