HESI LPN
Pharmacology HESI 2023
1. How should the healthcare provider schedule the administering of propylthiouracil (PTU)?
- A. Offer both drugs together with a meal
- B. Give parental dose once every 24 hours
- C. Schedule both medications at bedtime
- D. Administer iodine one hour before PTU
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Administering iodine one hour before PTU is crucial to ensure proper absorption and effectiveness of PTU. This timing helps optimize the therapeutic benefits of PTU by allowing it to be absorbed efficiently without interference from iodine, ultimately leading to better treatment outcomes for the patient. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because offering both drugs together with a meal, giving parental dose once every 24 hours, and scheduling both medications at bedtime do not address the specific timing requirement of administering iodine before PTU for optimal absorption.
2. Which of the following best describes evidence-based practice?
- A. Using outdated research
- B. Relying on personal experience alone
- C. Integrating clinical expertise with the best available evidence
- D. Disregarding patient preferences
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Evidence-based practice involves integrating clinical expertise with the best available evidence to make informed decisions about patient care. Choice A is incorrect as evidence-based practice relies on current and relevant research. Choice B is incorrect as it emphasizes the importance of not relying solely on personal experience. Choice D is incorrect as patient preferences play a significant role in evidence-based practice.
3. _____ are environmental agents that can harm the embryo or fetus.
- A. Mutations
- B. Autosomes
- C. Teratogens
- D. Androgens
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Teratogens are environmental agents, such as drugs, chemicals, or infections, that can cause harm to a developing embryo or fetus. Mutations (Choice A) refer to changes in the DNA sequence and are not environmental agents. Autosomes (Choice B) are chromosomes that are not involved in determining an individual's sex and are not environmental agents that harm the embryo or fetus. Androgens (Choice D) are a group of hormones that are more related to male sexual development and function, not environmental agents that harm the embryo or fetus.
4. .A 7-month-old girl is to be catheterized to obtain a sterile urine specimen. One of the infant’s parents expresses fear that this procedure may traumatize the baby psychologically. How should the nurse provide reassurance?
- A. The fear is justified and the nurse should obtain a “clean catch” specimen.
- B. Parents have a right to refuse the catheterization and the concerns are realistic.
- C. Although the concern is appropriate, the need for a sterile specimen is the priority.
- D. The procedure is uncomfortable, but there should not be a damaging long-term effect.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: While catheterization can be uncomfortable, it does not typically result in long-term psychological harm, and obtaining a sterile specimen is important for accurate diagnosis.
5. When planning interventions for a group of clients who are obese, what can the nurse do to improve their commitment to a long-term goal of weight loss?
- A. Developing a strict diet plan
- B. Attempting to develop the clients’ self-motivation
- C. Providing frequent rewards
- D. Encouraging group exercise
Correct answer: B
Rationale: To improve clients' commitment to a long-term goal of weight loss, attempting to develop their self-motivation is crucial. Self-motivation is essential for sustaining behavior changes over time. Providing a strict diet plan (choice A) may not address the root motivation needed for long-term success. While rewards (choice C) can be motivating, relying solely on external rewards may not foster the intrinsic motivation required for sustained weight loss. Encouraging group exercise (choice D) is beneficial, but without addressing individual motivation, it may not lead to long-term commitment to weight loss goals.