HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Practice Exam
1. Barangay Mabulaklak has poor hygienic practices and poor environmental conditions. These are contributing factors to which of the following disease conditions?
- A. influenza
- B. hepatitis B
- C. parasitism
- D. measles
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Poor hygienic practices and poor environmental conditions often create an environment conducive to the spread of parasites. Parasitism refers to the condition where parasites live on or in a host organism, potentially causing harm. In this scenario, the unsanitary conditions in Barangay Mabulaklak can lead to an increased risk of parasitic infections. The other options, influenza, hepatitis B, and measles, are not directly linked to poor hygiene and environmental conditions as parasitism is.
2. What is a common sign of dehydration in infants?
- A. Decreased urination
- B. Dry mouth and lips
- C. Increased appetite
- D. Normal skin turgor
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Dry mouth and lips are common signs of dehydration in infants. When an infant is dehydrated, the body conserves water, resulting in less urine production and concentrated urine. This leads to decreased frequency of urination rather than frequent urination, making choice A incorrect. Choice C, increased appetite, is not typically associated with dehydration in infants but rather with normal growth and development. Normal skin turgor, as mentioned in choice D, is a sign of hydration and not dehydration, making it an incorrect choice. Therefore, the correct answer is B, dry mouth and lips, which indicate a need for fluid replacement.
3. To use the nursing process correctly, what must the nurse do first?
- A. Obtain information about the client
- B. Develop a care plan
- C. Implement interventions
- D. Evaluate the client's outcomes
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The first step in the nursing process is to obtain information about the client. This step involves gathering data through assessment to understand the client's needs, health status, and preferences. Developing a care plan (Choice B) comes after the assessment phase. Implementing interventions (Choice C) and evaluating client outcomes (Choice D) occur in subsequent stages of the nursing process. Therefore, the correct initial step is to gather information about the client to form a foundation for providing individualized care.
4. An 8-year-old child diagnosed with meningitis is to undergo a lumbar puncture. What should the nurse explain is the purpose of this procedure?
- A. To measure the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid
- B. To obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis
- C. To relieve intracranial pressure
- D. To assess the presence of infection in the spinal fluid
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A lumbar puncture is performed to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis. This fluid is then examined for signs of infection, bleeding, or other abnormalities. Measuring the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid is typically done during the procedure itself, but it is not the primary purpose of the lumbar puncture. While a lumbar puncture can indirectly help relieve intracranial pressure by removing excess cerebrospinal fluid, this is not its primary purpose. Assessing the presence of infection in the spinal fluid is part of the analysis that follows the collection of the sample, making it a secondary outcome of the procedure.
5. A 43-year-old female client who has had a thyroidectomy due to Grave's disease is prescribed a thyroid replacement hormone. Which signs and symptoms are associated with thyroid hormone toxicity and should be reported promptly to the healthcare provider?
- A. Tinnitus and dizziness
- B. Tachycardia and chest pain
- C. Dry skin and intolerance to cold
- D. Weight gain and increased appetite
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tachycardia and chest pain. Signs and symptoms of thyroid hormone toxicity, especially in cases of excessive dosage, include tachycardia (rapid heart rate) and chest pain. These symptoms are consistent with hyperthyroidism, where the body is receiving an excessive amount of thyroid hormone. It is crucial to report these symptoms promptly to the healthcare provider to adjust the medication dosage and prevent potential complications. Choices A, C, and D are not indicative of thyroid hormone toxicity. Tinnitus and dizziness (Choice A) are not typical symptoms of thyroid hormone toxicity. Dry skin and intolerance to cold (Choice C) are more common in hypothyroidism, while weight gain and increased appetite (Choice D) are associated with hypothyroidism as well, not thyroid hormone toxicity.