Nursing Elites

1. During an initial clinic visit, the nurse is taking the history for a client who wants to confirm her pregnancy. The client's last child has a history of low-birth-weight (LBW). Which additional finding is most important for the nurse to consider?

• A. Cigarette smoking.
• B. African American ethnicity.
• C. Poor nutritional status.
• D. Limited maternal education.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for low birth weight. Smoking during pregnancy reduces the amount of oxygen available to the baby, leading to LBW. Choice B, African American ethnicity, while it may be a risk factor, is not as directly linked to LBW as cigarette smoking. Choice C, poor nutritional status, can contribute to LBW but is not as significant as cigarette smoking in this case. Choice D, limited maternal education, is an important social determinant of health but is not as directly related to LBW as cigarette smoking.

2. Which of the following is the earliest school of nursing in the country?

• A. Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing
• B. St. Paul's Hospital School of Nursing
• C. University of Sto. Tomas College of Nursing
• D. Manila Central University

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing. This nursing school holds the distinction of being the earliest in the Philippines. St. Paul's Hospital School of Nursing, University of Sto. Tomas College of Nursing, and Manila Central University are not the oldest nursing schools in the country, making them incorrect choices.

3. In the immediate postoperative period for a cleft lip repair in a 2-month-old infant, which nursing approach should be the priority?

• A. Remove protective arm devices one at a time for short periods with supervision
• B. Initiate oral feedings when alert
• C. Introduce the parents to the suture line cleansing protocol
• D. Position the infant on the back after feedings throughout the day

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct nursing approach in the immediate postoperative period for a cleft lip repair in an infant is to remove protective arm devices one at a time for short periods with supervision. This approach helps prevent injury to the surgical site while ensuring the infant's comfort and safety. Choice B is incorrect as initiating oral feedings immediately after surgery may not be appropriate and could compromise the surgical site. Choice C is incorrect as introducing parents to the suture line cleansing protocol is important but not the immediate priority. Choice D is incorrect as positioning the infant on the back after feedings is not specific to the immediate postoperative period for a cleft lip repair.

4. The Healthy People project is designed to:

• A. track health care trends to anticipate insurance liabilities, especially for poor and urban populations
• B. demonstrate that social factors have a significant impact on individual and community health
• C. follow health indicators such as activity, substance use, mental health, and environmental issues
• D. demonstrate that access to health care in the United States is adequate for all populations

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The Healthy People project is designed to follow health indicators such as activity, substance use, mental health, and environmental issues to improve public health outcomes. Choice A is incorrect because the project focuses on public health indicators rather than insurance liabilities. Choice B is incorrect as the project actually acknowledges the significant impact of social factors on health. Choice D is incorrect because one of the main goals of the Healthy People project is to identify and address disparities in access to healthcare, not to demonstrate that access is adequate for all populations.

5. A nurse working in the community assumes different roles. When the nurse acts as a community organizer, they perform which of the following functions?

• A. motivate and enhance community participation when planning and implementing health programs and services
• B. develop the family's capability to take care of a sick member
• C. identify needs, priorities, and problems of individuals, families, and the community
• D. participate in community development activities

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When a nurse acts as a community organizer, they participate in community development activities, which involve working with the community to address issues such as healthcare access, social services, and infrastructure. The other choices do not directly align with the role of a community organizer. Choice A is more related to community participation in health programs, choice B focuses on family care, and choice C pertains to identifying needs and priorities rather than organizing community development activities.

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