HESI LPN
Practice HESI Fundamentals Exam
1. A nurse prepares to admit a client who is immediately postoperative to the unit following abdominal surgery. When transferring the client from the gurney to the bed, what should the nurse do?
- A. Lock the wheels on the bed and gurney
- B. Adjust the bed height
- C. Use a slide sheet
- D. Ask for assistance from another nurse
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when transferring a postoperative client from the gurney to the bed is to lock the wheels on both the bed and the gurney. Locking the wheels ensures stability and prevents accidents during the transfer. Adjusting the bed height may be necessary for comfort but is not the primary concern during the transfer process. Using a slide sheet may be helpful in repositioning the client once on the bed but is not essential for the initial transfer. Asking for assistance from another nurse is always a good practice, but the immediate action to ensure safety during the transfer is to lock the wheels.
2. Which nutritional assessment data should be collected to best reflect total muscle mass in an adolescent?
- A. Height in inches or centimeters.
- B. Weight in kilograms or pounds.
- C. Triceps skinfold thickness.
- D. Upper arm circumference.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Upper arm circumference.' Upper arm circumference is a better indicator of total muscle mass in adolescents compared to height, weight, or triceps skinfold thickness. Triceps skinfold thickness primarily reflects subcutaneous fat, while weight and height are not specific to muscle mass. Upper arm circumference directly measures the muscle mass in the upper arm and can provide a more accurate assessment in this context. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not directly reflect total muscle mass in adolescents.
3. A parent brings an 18-month-old toddler to the clinic. The parent states, 'My child is so difficult to please, has temper tantrums, and annoys me by throwing food from the table.' What is the nurse’s best response?
- A. “Toddlers need discipline to prevent the development of antisocial behaviors.”
- B. “Toddlers are learning to assert independence, and this behavior is expected at this age.”
- C. “It is best to leave the toddler alone in the crib after calmly explaining why the behavior is unacceptable.”
- D. “This is the way a toddler expresses needs, and this behavior is acceptable during the initiative stage of development.”
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: “Toddlers are learning to assert independence, and this behavior is expected at this age.” At 18 months, toddlers are in the stage of developing autonomy and independence. They may exhibit behaviors like temper tantrums and defiance as they assert their independence and test limits. It is crucial for parents and caregivers to understand that these behaviors are typical for toddlers at this age. Choice A is incorrect because discipline should be age-appropriate and focus on positive reinforcement rather than preventing antisocial behaviors. Choice C is inappropriate as leaving a toddler alone in a crib after explaining unacceptable behavior is not a recommended approach and can lead to feelings of abandonment. Choice D is inaccurate as the described behavior is more related to asserting independence rather than the initiative stage of development.
4. A client has left lower atelectasis. In which of the following positions should the nurse place the client for postural drainage?
- A. Supine and low Fowler's position
- B. Right lateral in Trendelenburg position
- C. Side lying with the right side of the chest elevated
- D. Prone with pillows under the extremities
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Postural drainage is a technique used to help remove secretions from specific lung segments. For left lower atelectasis, placing the client in the right lateral Trendelenburg position is most effective. This position helps target the affected area, using gravity to assist in drainage. Placing the client in a supine or low Fowler's position (Choice A) may not effectively target the affected area. Side lying with the right side of the chest elevated (Choice C) would not utilize gravity for optimal drainage. Placing the client prone with pillows under the extremities (Choice D) is not ideal for postural drainage of the left lower lobe.
5. After accepting the position of school nurse in a public elementary school, what strategy is best for the nurse to use to obtain an overview understanding of the student body?
- A. Review all health records of the students currently enrolled in classes.
- B. Talk with the current members of the parent-teacher association.
- C. Send a survey form to parents of third-grade students.
- D. Conduct a windshield survey of the geographic areas served by the school.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Conducting a windshield survey is the best strategy for the nurse to obtain an overview understanding of the student body. This method allows the nurse to observe the community, its resources, potential health hazards, and demographic information. Reviewing health records (Choice A) would provide detailed health information but not an overview of the student body. Talking with the parent-teacher association (Choice B) may offer insights but not a comprehensive overview. Sending a survey form to parents (Choice C) may provide specific information but may not capture a broad understanding of the student body.