the nurse knows that which statement by the mother indicates that the mother understands safety precautions with her four month old infant and her 4 y

HESI LPN

Fundamentals HESI

1. Which statement by the mother indicates that the mother understands safety precautions with her four-month-old infant and her 4-year-old child?

A. I secure the infant car seat in the back seat facing backwards.
B. I place my infant in the middle of the living room floor on a blanket to play with my 4-year-old while I make supper in the kitchen.
C. My sleeping baby looks adorable in the crib with the little buttocks up in the air while the four-year-old naps on the sofa.
D. I have the 4-year-old hold and help feed the four-month-old a bottle in the kitchen while I make supper.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is the correct answer because having the 4-year-old help feed the four-month-old a bottle in the kitchen while the mother makes supper shows supervision of the infant by the older child in a safe environment. This choice indicates that the mother understands safety precautions by involving the older child in a caregiving task under her supervision. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they involve unsafe practices such as placing the infant on the floor unsupervised, positioning the infant car seat in the front seat, and not providing direct supervision of the children during naptimes.

2. When planning to perform passive range-of-motion exercises for a client, what action should a healthcare professional take?

A. Repeat each joint motion five times during each session.
B. Perform the exercises quickly to save time.
C. Focus only on the most affected joints.
D. Assess the client's range of motion before starting.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to repeat each joint motion five times during each session. Repetition is crucial to maintaining joint flexibility and muscle function. By ensuring each joint motion is repeated, the client can benefit fully from the passive range-of-motion exercises. Choice B is incorrect because quick performance may compromise technique and risk injury. Choice C is incorrect as neglecting less affected joints can lead to imbalances and hinder overall progress. Choice D is incorrect as assessing the client's range of motion beforehand is vital, but it is not the immediate action to take during the exercise session.

3. A nurse is talking with caregivers of a 12-year-old child. Which of the following issues verbalized by the caregivers should the nurse identify as the priority?

A. “We just don’t understand why our child can’t keep up with the other kids in simple activities like running and jumping.”
B. “Our child keeps trying to find ways around our household rules. They always want to make deals with us.”
C. “We think our child is trying too hard to excel in math just to get the top grades in the class.”
D. “Our child likes to sing and worries it will make the other kids want to laugh.”

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Difficulty in keeping up with physical activities like running and jumping may indicate an underlying physical or developmental issue that requires prompt assessment. This could be related to musculoskeletal problems, coordination difficulties, or other health concerns that need further evaluation. Choices B, C, and D, while important, do not address a potential physical or developmental issue that could impact the child's overall well-being. Addressing the child's physical limitations should be the priority to ensure appropriate support and intervention.

4. What are the correct steps used for abdominal assessment?

A. Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
B. Palpation, inspection, auscultation, percussion
C. Percussion, palpation, inspection, auscultation
D. Auscultation, palpation, percussion, inspection

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct order for abdominal assessment is inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. Inspection allows the nurse to visually assess the abdomen for any abnormalities or distension. Auscultation follows to listen for bowel sounds and vascular sounds. Percussion helps to assess the density of underlying structures and detect any abnormal masses. Palpation is performed last to assess tenderness, organ size, and detect any masses. Choices B, C, and D have the steps in the incorrect order, making them the wrong choices.

5. A healthcare professional is caring for a client who has a new prescription for antihypertensive medication. Prior to administering the medication, the healthcare professional uses an electronic database to gather information about the medication and the effects it might have on this client. Which of the following components of critical thinking is the healthcare professional using when reviewing the medication information?

A. Knowledge
B. Experience
C. Intuition
D. Competence

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Knowledge. In this scenario, the healthcare professional is utilizing knowledge by gathering and applying information about the medication. Choice B, Experience, is not the best option as the focus is on accessing information about the medication rather than personal experience. Choice C, Intuition, refers to a gut feeling or instinct, which is not evident in the scenario. Choice D, Competence, relates more to overall ability and proficiency rather than the specific act of seeking information.