HESI LPN
Leadership and Management HESI Quizlet
1. A nurse is preparing to complete an incident report regarding a medication error. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
- A. Make a copy of the incident report for personal records
- B. Identify the medication name and dosage administered to the client in the report
- C. Obtain an order from the client's provider to complete the report
- D. Include the time the medication error occurred in the report
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to identify the medication name and dosage administered to the client in the incident report. This information is crucial for accurate documentation and investigation of the medication error. Choice A is incorrect because incident reports are usually kept confidential and not for personal keeping. Choice C is incorrect as obtaining an order from the client's provider is not necessary to complete an incident report. Choice D, while important, is not the only essential information needed for the incident report.
2. What is a common sign of dehydration in a child with diarrhea?
- A. Decreased urine output
- B. Increased appetite
- C. Warm, dry skin
- D. Elevated blood pressure
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased urine output. When a child with diarrhea is dehydrated, they may have decreased urine output, indicating that their body is conserving fluids. This sign highlights the importance of fluid replacement to prevent worsening dehydration. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increased appetite is not typically associated with dehydration but can be seen in other conditions. Warm, dry skin may be a sign of fever or other skin conditions, not specifically dehydration. Elevated blood pressure is not a common sign of dehydration in a child with diarrhea.
3. A client is admitted to a medical nursing unit with a diagnosis of acute blindness. Many tests are performed, and there seems to be no organic reason why this client cannot see. The client became blind after witnessing a hit-and-run car accident, when a family of three was killed. A LPN/LVN suspects that the client may be experiencing a:
- A. Psychosis
- B. Repression
- C. Conversion Disorder
- D. Dissociative Disorder
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the client's acute blindness without any organic cause following a traumatic event indicates a case of Conversion Disorder. Conversion Disorder involves the manifestation of physical symptoms due to psychological stressors. Psychosis (choice A) involves a loss of contact with reality, which is not evident here. Repression (choice B) is a defense mechanism that involves unconsciously blocking out thoughts. Dissociative Disorder (choice D) involves disruptions in memory, awareness, identity, or perception, which is not the primary issue in this case.
4. The nurse is providing care for a newborn who was delivered vaginally assisted by forceps. The nurse observes red marks on the head with swelling that does not cross the suture line. Which condition should the nurse document in the medical record?
- A. Caput succedaneum
- B. Hydrocephalus
- C. Cephalhematoma
- D. Microcephaly
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Cephalhematoma. Cephalhematoma is a collection of blood between the skull bone and periosteum that does not cross the suture line. It often occurs due to birth trauma, such as forceps delivery, leading to localized swelling. Caput succedaneum (Choice A) is diffuse swelling of the scalp that may cross suture lines and is typically present at birth. Hydrocephalus (Choice B) is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain's ventricles. Microcephaly (Choice D) is a condition characterized by a smaller than average head size and may be present at birth or develop later in infancy.
5. The nurse is caring for an infant with osteogenesis imperfecta and is providing instruction on how to reduce the risk of injury. Which response from the mother indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I need to avoid pushing or pulling on an arm or leg.
- B. I must avoid lifting the baby from under the armpits.
- C. I should not bend an arm or leg into an awkward position.
- D. We must avoid lifting the legs by the ankles to change diapers.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Lifting the baby from under the armpits can cause fractures in infants with osteogenesis imperfecta. The correct approach is to support the baby's body and head carefully, avoiding pressure on vulnerable areas prone to fractures. Choices A, C, and D demonstrate proper awareness of caring for an infant with osteogenesis imperfecta by emphasizing caution to prevent fractures.