Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is planning a nutrition class for a group of senior citizens at a community center and wants to emphasize the amount and types of fat in some foods versus others. What is the best teaching method for the nurse to use?

• A. Display posters with foods and inform seniors about fat content.
• B. Determine the foods most often eaten by this group and discuss the nutritional panel of each product.
• C. Show a movie about cooking with foods that are low in fat but delicious.
• D. Ask each senior to bring a food for others to taste, then estimate the fat content in these foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The best teaching method for the nurse in this scenario is to determine the foods most often eaten by the group and discuss the nutritional panel of each product. This approach directly educates the seniors about the fat content in the foods they commonly consume, making the information more relevant and applicable to their daily lives. Choice A, displaying posters with foods, may not engage the seniors effectively or provide detailed information about fat content. Choice C, showing a movie about cooking with low-fat foods, may not address the specific fat content of the seniors' usual food choices. Choice D, asking seniors to bring foods for tasting and estimating fat content, could be subjective and less educational compared to discussing concrete nutritional information from food labels.

2. The nurse is planning care for a client with pneumococcal pneumonia. Which of the following would be most effective in removing respiratory secretions?

• A. Administration of cough suppressants
• B. Increasing oral fluid intake to 3000 cc per day
• C. Maintaining bed rest with bathroom privileges
• D. Performing chest physiotherapy twice a day

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Increasing oral fluid intake to 3000 cc per day is the most effective in removing respiratory secretions in a client with pneumococcal pneumonia. Adequate hydration helps thin secretions, making them easier to expectorate. Administration of cough suppressants (Choice A) may hinder the removal of secretions by suppressing the cough reflex. Maintaining bed rest with bathroom privileges (Choice C) is important but does not directly address the removal of respiratory secretions. Performing chest physiotherapy (Choice D) is beneficial for mobilizing secretions but may not be as effective as increasing fluid intake in thinning and facilitating the removal of secretions.

3. A client was admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia. When auscultating the client's breath sounds, the nurse hears inspiratory crackles in the right base. Temperature is 102.3 degrees Fahrenheit orally. What finding would the nurse expect?

• A. Flushed skin
• B. Bradycardia
• C. Mental confusion
• D. Hypotension

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mental confusion. In this scenario, the client's high fever and pneumonia diagnosis indicate an infection. Infections, especially in older adults, can lead to mental confusion due to the body's systemic response to the infection. Flushed skin (choice A) is more commonly associated with fever but does not specifically relate to the client's condition. Bradycardia (choice B) and hypotension (choice D) are less likely findings in a client with pneumonia and a high fever; instead, tachycardia and increased blood pressure are more commonly seen in response to infection.

4. Tertiary prevention would best be described as:

• A. recovery from physical limitation and psychological regression
• B. health teaching and immunization
• C. rehabilitation of alcoholic and drug dependents
• D. preventing disability and maximum use of remaining capacity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Tertiary prevention is the stage of prevention that aims at preventing disability and maximizing the use of remaining capacity. Choice A is more aligned with rehabilitation rather than tertiary prevention. Choice B refers to primary prevention by promoting health and preventing diseases. Choice C focuses on rehabilitation specific to alcohol and drug dependence, which is a form of secondary prevention, not tertiary prevention.

5. In providing comprehensive family health care, the nurse utilizes four (4) basic processes. These are listed in the order in which they are carried out as follows:

• A. assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation
• B. assessment, intervention, planning, and evaluation
• C. planning, assessment, intervention, and evaluation
• D. planning, intervention, evaluation, and assessment

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct order for the basic processes in providing comprehensive family health care is assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation. Assessment is the first step to gather information, followed by planning to set goals and strategies, then intervention to implement the plan, and finally evaluation to assess the outcomes. Choice A is correct as it follows this logical sequence. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the correct order of these essential processes in nursing care.

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