HESI LPN
Practice HESI Fundamentals Exam
1. During an eye assessment, what action should the nurse take to assess a client's extraocular eye movements?
- A. Position the client 6.1 m (20 ft) away from the Snellen chart
- B. Instruct the client to follow a finger through the six cardinal positions of gaze
- C. Ask the client to cover their right eye during assessment of the left eye
- D. Hold a finger 46 cm (18 inches) away from the client's eye
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Instructing the client to follow a finger through the six cardinal positions of gaze is the correct action to assess extraocular eye movements effectively. This technique evaluates the function of the six extraocular muscles and cranial nerves III, IV, and VI. Positioning the client 6.1 m away from the Snellen chart is more relevant for visual acuity testing. Asking the client to cover their right eye during the assessment is not necessary for evaluating extraocular movements. Holding a finger at a specific distance in front of the client's eye is not an appropriate method for assessing extraocular eye movements.
2. What safety measure should be implemented when administering chemotherapy?
- A. Use protective gloves and gown
- B. Prepare the medication in a designated area
- C. Administer the medication at the appropriate rate
- D. Verify the two client identifiers
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When administering chemotherapy, it is crucial to use protective gloves and a gown to protect against exposure to hazardous drugs that can be harmful through skin contact. Choice B is incorrect because chemotherapy medication should be prepared in a designated area to prevent contamination and ensure accurate preparation. Choice C is incorrect as chemotherapy should be administered at the appropriate rate to ensure patient safety and avoid adverse effects. Choice D is incorrect as verifying client identifiers is important for medication administration in general but not a specific safety measure related to chemotherapy administration.
3. The nurse is providing postoperative care for a client who had a thyroidectomy. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Hoarseness and weak voice
- B. Calcium level of 8.0 mg/dL (2.0 mmol/L)
- C. Heart rate of 110 beats per minute
- D. Difficulty swallowing
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Difficulty swallowing can indicate swelling or hematoma formation, which may compromise the airway and requires immediate intervention. Hoarseness and a weak voice are expected post-thyroidectomy due to manipulation of the laryngeal nerves but do not require immediate intervention. A calcium level of 8.0 mg/dL is within the normal range (8.5-10.5 mg/dL) and may not require immediate intervention. A heart rate of 110 beats per minute may be elevated due to stress or pain postoperatively, but it does not indicate an immediate threat to the airway.
4. When evaluating the laboratory report of a 1-year-old infant’s hematocrit, a healthcare professional compares it with the expected hematocrit range for this age group. What is the hematocrit of a healthy 12-month-old infant?
- A. 19% to 32%
- B. 29% to 41%
- C. 37% to 47%
- D. 42% to 69%
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 37% to 47%. The normal hematocrit range for a 12-month-old infant is between 37% to 47%, which reflects the expected blood volume and red blood cell levels for this age. Choice A (19% to 32%) and Choice B (29% to 41%) are too low and do not encompass the typical hematocrit range for a healthy 1-year-old. Choice D (42% to 69%) is too high and falls outside the usual hematocrit values for this age group.
5. Which nutrient is an example of a macronutrient?
- A. proteins
- B. minerals
- C. water-soluble vitamins
- D. fat-soluble vitamins
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Proteins are indeed macronutrients as they are required by the body in larger quantities for various functions such as growth, repair, and energy production. Choice B, minerals, are micronutrients needed in smaller amounts for various physiological processes. Choices C and D, water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins, respectively, are also micronutrients that play essential roles in the body but are not classified as macronutrients.