Nursing Elites

1. A child weighing 20 kg has a new prescription for cefoxitin at 80 mg/kg/day administered intravenously every 6 hours. How much cefoxitin should be administered with each dose?

• A. 400 mg
• B. 200 mg
• C. 1600 mg
• D. 100 mg

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To determine the amount of cefoxitin to be administered with each dose, first, calculate the total daily dose by multiplying the child's weight (20 kg) by the prescribed dose (80 mg/kg/day): 80 mg/kg/day × 20 kg = 1600 mg/day. Since the medication is administered every 6 hours (4 doses/day), divide the total daily dose by the number of doses: 1600 mg / 4 = 400 mg. Therefore, each dose should be 400 mg. Choice B (200 mg) is incorrect because it is half the calculated dose. Choice C (1600 mg) is incorrect as it represents the total daily dose, not the dose per administration. Choice D (100 mg) is incorrect as it is a quarter of the calculated dose.

2. A healthcare professional is planning to collect a liquid stool specimen from a client for ova and parasites. Inaccurate test results may result if the healthcare professional:

• A. Refrigerates the collected specimen
• B. Collects the specimen in a sterile container
• C. Delays the collection of the specimen
• D. Uses a non-contaminated collection container

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Refrigeration can kill the ova and parasites present in the stool specimen, leading to inaccurate test results. Storing the specimen in a cold environment can disrupt the integrity of the parasites and ova, affecting the accuracy of the test. Collecting the specimen in a sterile container (Choice B) is the correct procedure to prevent external contamination. Delaying the collection of the specimen (Choice C) may affect the freshness of the sample but does not directly impact the test results. Using a non-contaminated collection container (Choice D) is essential to maintain the sample's integrity but does not relate to the risk of killing ova and parasites through refrigeration.

3. A nurse enters a client's room and finds her on the floor. The client's roommate reports that the client was trying to get out of bed and fell over the bedrail onto the floor. Which of the following statements should the nurse document about this incident?

• A. ''Incident report completed.''
• B. ''Client climbed over the bedrails.''
• C. ''Client found lying on the floor.''
• D. ''Client was trying to get out of bed.''

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: ''Client found lying on the floor.'' In this situation, the nurse should document factual, objective information without making assumptions. Stating that the client was found lying on the floor directly reflects what was observed. Choice A, ''Incident report completed,'' is not a statement about the incident itself and does not provide relevant information. Choice B, ''Client climbed over the bedrails,'' introduces unnecessary speculation and assumption which should be avoided when documenting incidents. Choice D, ''Client was trying to get out of bed,'' focuses on the client's behavior rather than the objective observation of the client's position when found.

4. The healthcare provider is teaching a patient about contact lens care. Which instructions will the healthcare provider include in the teaching session?

• A. Use tap water to clean soft lenses.
• B. Wash and rinse the lens storage case daily.
• C. Reuse storage solution for no longer than a week.
• D. Keep the lenses in a cool, dry place when not in use.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Washing and rinsing the lens storage case daily is essential to prevent contamination and infections. Choice A is incorrect as tap water should not be used to clean soft lenses due to the risk of introducing harmful microorganisms. Choice C is incorrect as the storage solution should not be reused for longer than recommended to maintain its effectiveness and prevent eye infections. Choice D is incorrect because lenses should be stored in a clean, disinfected case, not just in a cool, dry place, to avoid contamination.

5. After inserting an NG tube for a client, which of the following assessment findings should the nurse expect to confirm correct tube placement?

• A. An x-ray shows the end of the tube above the pylorus.
• B. The tube is aspirated and contains clear gastric fluid.
• C. The tube is flushed with sterile water without resistance.
• D. The client does not cough or choke during tube insertion.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Correct placement of an NG tube is confirmed by aspirating gastric fluid, which indicates that the tube is in the stomach. An x-ray can help visualize tube placement, but it alone does not confirm correct placement. Flushing the tube with sterile water without resistance indicates patency but not necessarily correct placement. The absence of coughing or choking does not confirm tube placement and is more related to the client's comfort during the procedure.

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