Nursing Elites

1. A client with terminal cancer is experiencing severe pain. The nurse plans to implement which of the following pain management strategies?

• A. Administer analgesics on a fixed schedule
• B. Administer analgesics only when the client requests
• C. Use non-pharmacological methods only
• D. Increase the dose of analgesics when the client complains of pain

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering analgesics on a fixed schedule is the most appropriate pain management strategy for a client with terminal cancer experiencing severe pain. This approach ensures consistent pain control and helps prevent breakthrough pain. Administering analgesics only when the client requests (Choice B) may lead to uncontrolled pain as the client may delay requesting medication until the pain becomes unbearable. Using non-pharmacological methods only (Choice C) may not provide adequate pain relief for a client experiencing severe pain. Increasing the dose of analgesics when the client complains of pain (Choice D) may result in inconsistent pain control and could lead to potential overdose or adverse effects.

2. You assisted the midwife in formulating the objectives of the plan of care for Barangay Mabulaklak. Which of the following is a well-stated objective?

• A. to reduce the number of children with ascariasis by the end of two years
• B. to protect the water sources from pollution
• C. to conduct health teachings on proper nutrition
• D. to reduce the number of underweight children by 10%

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A specific, measurable objective like reducing the number of underweight children by 10% is well-stated. This objective is clear, quantifiable, and time-bound, making it easier to track progress and evaluate the effectiveness of the plan. Choices A, B, and C are not as well-stated as they lack specificity, measurability, and a quantifiable target.

3. Which of the following is an example of a social determinant of health?

• A. Blood pressure
• B. Genetic mutations
• C. Housing conditions
• D. Age

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Housing conditions. Social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. Housing conditions directly impact health outcomes as they can affect exposure to toxins, safety, and overall well-being. Choice A, blood pressure, is a physiological measure and not a social determinant. Choice B, genetic mutations, relates to an individual's genetic makeup and is not influenced by social factors. Choice D, age, is a demographic factor and not a social determinant of health.

4. A 16-year-old client is admitted to a psychiatric unit with a diagnosis of attempted suicide. The nurse is aware that the most frequent cause for suicide in adolescents is

• A. Progressive failure to adapt
• B. Feelings of anger or hostility
• C. Reunion wish or fantasy
• D. Feelings of alienation or isolation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Feelings of alienation or isolation are common triggers for suicidal behavior in adolescents. This sense of being disconnected or isolated from others can lead to despair and hopelessness, increasing the risk of suicidal ideation. Choices A, B, and C are less commonly associated with suicide in adolescents. Progressive failure to adapt may contribute to stress, but it is not typically the primary cause of suicide. Feelings of anger or hostility, while negative emotions, do not always lead to suicidal behavior in adolescents. Reunion wish or fantasy is not a recognized primary cause of suicide in this age group.

5. The term 'epidemiology' is best defined as the study of:

• A. The causes of disease
• B. The distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations
• C. The treatment and prevention of disease
• D. The healthcare system and its effectiveness

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states in populations. Choice A is incorrect because epidemiology focuses on more than just causes but also on distribution and determinants. Choice C is incorrect as it specifically relates to public health and not just treatment and prevention. Choice D is incorrect as epidemiology is broader than just focusing on the healthcare system and its effectiveness.

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