HESI LPN
HESI Pharmacology Exam Test Bank
1. A client with rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed sulfasalazine. Which instruction should the nurse include in the client's teaching plan?
- A. Take this medication with meals.
- B. Avoid sunlight while taking this medication.
- C. Report any signs of infection to the healthcare provider.
- D. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction to include in the client's teaching plan regarding sulfasalazine is to take the medication with meals. Taking sulfasalazine with food helps to minimize gastrointestinal upset, which is a common side effect of the medication. Choice B is incorrect because avoiding sunlight is not specifically related to sulfasalazine. Choice C is important but not directly related to the administration of sulfasalazine. Choice D is incorrect because sulfasalazine should be taken with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects.
2. Following a thyroidectomy, a client experiences tetany. The nurse should expect to administer which intravenous medication?
- A. Sodium iodide solution
- B. Levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid)
- C. Calcium gluconate
- D. Propranolol (Inderal)
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Following a thyroidectomy, tetany can occur due to hypoparathyroidism, leading to low calcium levels. Therefore, the nurse should administer calcium gluconate intravenously to raise the calcium levels. Choice A, Sodium iodide solution, is incorrect as it is used for thyroid conditions, not for treating tetany. Choice B, Levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid), is incorrect as it is a thyroid hormone replacement and does not address low calcium levels. Choice D, Propranolol (Inderal), is incorrect as it is a beta-blocker used for conditions like hypertension and not indicated for tetany after thyroidectomy.
3. What is the study of how a person's genes interact with nutrients?
- A. genetic counseling
- B. nutritional genomics
- C. genetic metabolomics
- D. nutritional genetics
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Nutritional genomics, the correct answer, specifically focuses on how a person's genes interact with nutrients, affecting health and disease. Genetic counseling (choice A) refers to the process of helping people understand and adapt to the medical, psychological, and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease. Genetic metabolomics (choice C) combines genetic and metabolomic data to study metabolic pathways. Nutritional genetics (choice D) generally refers to the broader field of genetics as it relates to nutrition, while nutritional genomics, the most precise term, delves into the specific gene-nutrient interactions.
4. What is a key component of a successful smoking cessation program?
- A. Providing nicotine replacement therapy
- B. Offering surgical interventions
- C. Conducting regular health screenings
- D. Promoting alcohol consumption
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Providing nicotine replacement therapy is a key component of smoking cessation programs as it helps individuals manage nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine replacement therapy includes options like nicotine gum, patches, lozenges, or inhalers. Choice B, offering surgical interventions, is incorrect as smoking cessation programs primarily focus on behavioral and pharmacological interventions rather than surgical procedures. Choice C, conducting regular health screenings, is also incorrect as it is not a direct key component of smoking cessation programs. Choice D, promoting alcohol consumption, is not only incorrect but counterproductive, as it can be detrimental to overall health and hinder smoking cessation efforts.
5. When caring for a child with sickle cell disease, the PN expects that the child will most likely describe which symptom when experiencing a sickle cell crisis?
- A. Decreased hemoglobin
- B. Joint pain
- C. Fatigue
- D. Infection
Correct answer: B
Rationale: During a sickle cell crisis, a child with sickle cell disease is most likely to describe joint pain. Sickle cell disease leads to the blockage of blood flow by sickled red blood cells, causing ischemia and pain, often felt in the joints and other body parts. Fatigue (choice C) is a nonspecific symptom that can occur in various conditions but is not a characteristic symptom of a sickle cell crisis. While decreased hemoglobin (choice A) can be observed in sickle cell disease, it is not a symptom typically described by a child during a sickle cell crisis. Infection (choice D) can trigger a sickle cell crisis but is not the symptom most likely to be described by the child during the crisis.