HESI LPN
Pharmacology HESI 55 Questions 2023
1. How do you determine if the medication is effective for a client with anemia secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD)?
- A. Food diary shows increased consumption of iron-rich foods
- B. Reports of increased energy levels and decreased fatigue
- C. Hemoglobin level increased to 12 grams/dL
- D. Takes concurrent iron therapy without adverse effects
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. To assess the effectiveness of medication for anemia in a client with CKD, monitoring hemoglobin levels is crucial. Hemoglobin levels directly indicate the response to treatment and improvement in the condition. An increase in hemoglobin level to 12 grams/dL suggests that the medication is effectively addressing the anemia associated with CKD. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because increased consumption of iron-rich foods, reports of increased energy levels and decreased fatigue, and tolerance to concurrent iron therapy without adverse effects are not direct indicators of the medication's effectiveness in treating anemia secondary to CKD.
2. The provider orders Lanoxin (digoxin) 0.125 mg PO and furosemide 40 mg every day. Which of these foods would the nurse reinforce for the client to eat at least daily?
- A. Spaghetti
- B. Watermelon
- C. Chicken
- D. Tomatoes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Watermelon. Watermelon is high in potassium, which is important to eat daily when taking furosemide to prevent hypokalemia. Furosemide is a diuretic that can lead to potassium loss, so consuming potassium-rich foods like watermelon helps maintain adequate potassium levels. Spaghetti, chicken, and tomatoes are not as high in potassium and therefore not as beneficial in preventing hypokalemia related to furosemide use.
3. A client with a history of hypertension is prescribed a beta-blocker. Which side effect should the LPN/LVN monitor for in this client?
- A. Increased appetite
- B. Dry mouth
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Insomnia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct side effect that the LPN/LVN should monitor for in a client prescribed a beta-blocker is bradycardia. Beta-blockers work by slowing down the heart rate, which can lead to bradycardia as a common side effect. Monitoring the client's heart rate is crucial, as bradycardia can be a serious condition. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because increased appetite, dry mouth, and insomnia are not typically associated with beta-blockers. Increased appetite is more commonly linked to certain medications like corticosteroids, dry mouth can be a side effect of anticholinergic medications, and insomnia may be a side effect of stimulant medications.
4. Which of the following illnesses causes degeneration of the central nervous system?
- A. Tay-Sachs disease
- B. Cystic fibrosis
- C. Turner syndrome
- D. Klinefelter syndrome
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that causes a progressive degeneration of the central nervous system, particularly in infants. Choice B, Cystic fibrosis, is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and digestive system, not the central nervous system. Choices C and D, Turner syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome, are chromosomal disorders that do not directly involve degeneration of the central nervous system.
5. What should the nurse include in the preoperative teaching for a 4-year-old child scheduled for a myringotomy?
- A. Explain the procedure in simple terms
- B. Encourage fluid intake
- C. Allow the child to play with medical equipment
- D. Use play therapy to prepare the child
Correct answer: A
Rationale: For a 4-year-old child scheduled for a myringotomy, explaining the procedure in simple terms is essential in helping the child understand what will happen during the surgery and reducing anxiety. Encouraging fluid intake, allowing the child to play with medical equipment, and using play therapy are not directly related to preparing the child for the myringotomy procedure. Therefore, these options are incorrect and not as beneficial as explaining the procedure in simple terms.