HESI LPN
Practice HESI Fundamentals Exam
1. A client with rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed methotrexate. What information should the LPN include when teaching the client about this medication?
- A. Avoid exposure to sunlight.
- B. Take the medication with food.
- C. Increase fluid intake while on this medication.
- D. Report any signs of infection to the healthcare provider immediately.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Report any signs of infection to the healthcare provider immediately.' Methotrexate is an immunosuppressant medication commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. It can lower the immune system's ability to fight infections, making it crucial for clients to promptly report any signs of infection to prevent serious complications. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because avoiding sunlight, taking the medication with food, and increasing fluid intake are not specific to methotrexate therapy and are not primary concerns associated with this medication.
2. Your pediatric patient weighs 15.8 kg. How many pounds does this child weigh?
- A. 36 pounds
- B. 33.6 pounds
- C. 35 pounds
- D. 34.8 pounds
Correct answer: D
Rationale: To convert 15.8 kg to pounds, you multiply by the conversion factor of 2.20462. So, 15.8 kg * 2.20462 = 34.8 pounds. Therefore, the child weighs 34.8 pounds. Choice A is incorrect as it is higher than the correct answer. Choice B is incorrect as it is lower than the correct answer. Choice C is incorrect as it rounds down the conversion result, leading to an inaccurate weight measurement.
3. What are the clinical manifestations of otitis media?
- A. Earache, wheezing, vomiting
- B. Coughing, rhinorrhea, headache
- C. Fever, irritability, pulling on ear
- D. Wheezing, cough, drainage in ear canal
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fever, irritability, pulling on the ear. Clinical manifestations of otitis media commonly include fever, irritability, and children may show signs of pulling or rubbing their ears. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A includes wheezing and vomiting, which are not typical symptoms of otitis media. Choice B includes coughing, rhinorrhea, and headache, which are more commonly associated with upper respiratory infections rather than otitis media. Choice D includes wheezing, cough, and drainage in the ear canal, which are not typical clinical manifestations of otitis media.
4. To evaluate the medication’s effectiveness in a client with a respiratory tract infection, which laboratory values should the nurse monitor?
- A. White blood cell (WBC) count
- B. Sputum culture and sensitivity
- C. Droplet precautions
- D. Protective environment
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: White blood cell (WBC) count. Monitoring the WBC count helps assess the overall response to infection and the effectiveness of the antibiotic. Sputum culture and sensitivity (choice B) are also important to confirm if the antibiotic is targeting the specific pathogen. Choices C and D, droplet precautions and protective environment, are not laboratory values but rather infection control measures that do not directly evaluate the medication's effectiveness in treating the infection.
5. Ben injects his insulin as prescribed, but then gets busy and forgets to eat. What will the best assessment of the nurse reveal?
- A. The client will be very thirsty.
- B. The client will complain of nausea.
- C. The client will need to urinate.
- D. The client will have moist skin.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. In this scenario, since Ben took his insulin but forgot to eat, he is at risk of developing hypoglycemia. Moist skin is a sign of hypoglycemia, which can occur when blood sugar levels drop too low. Thirstiness (choice A) is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels). Nausea (choice B) and frequent urination (choice C) are not typical immediate signs of hypoglycemia caused by missing a meal after insulin administration.