HESI LPN
HESI Practice Test for Fundamentals
1. The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has been prescribed an iron supplement. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I should take the supplement with milk to increase absorption.
- B. I should expect my stools to turn black while taking this supplement.
- C. I should take the supplement with a full glass of water.
- D. I should take the supplement on an empty stomach.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Taking an iron supplement with milk can decrease its absorption, indicating a need for further teaching.
2. A school nurse is teaching parents of school-age children about the importance of immunizations for childhood communicable diseases. What preventable disease may cause the complication of encephalitis?
- A. Varicella
- B. Scarlet fever
- C. Poliomyelitis
- D. Whooping cough
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is Varicella (chickenpox), choice A. Varicella can lead to the complication of encephalitis, which is the inflammation of the brain. Scarlet fever (choice B) is caused by Group A Streptococcus bacteria and does not typically lead to encephalitis. Poliomyelitis (choice C) is a viral infection that affects the nervous system but does not directly cause encephalitis. Whooping cough (choice D), also known as pertussis, primarily affects the respiratory system and does not commonly result in encephalitis.
3. A healthcare professional is caring for a group of clients. Which of the following measures should the professional take to prevent the spread of infection?
- A. Place a client with TB in a room with negative pressure airflow
- B. Use a disposable gown for contact precautions
- C. Place a client with MRSA in a private room
- D. Use a mask for clients with influenza
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Tuberculosis is an airborne infection, and placing a client with TB in a room with negative pressure airflow helps prevent the spread of the infection by containing the pathogens. This measure is crucial as it prevents the dissemination of TB droplet nuclei to other areas. Choice B, using a disposable gown for contact precautions, is important for preventing the transmission of infections spread by direct or indirect contact. Choice C, placing a client with MRSA in a private room, is essential to prevent the spread of MRSA through contact with others. Choice D, using a mask for clients with influenza, helps prevent the spread of influenza through respiratory droplets. However, negative pressure airflow is specifically required for airborne infections like TB, making it the most appropriate choice in this scenario.
4. You are caring for a neonate who has a cleft palate. You should inform the mother that surgical correction will be done when the infant is:
- A. 8 to 12 months of age.
- B. 20 to 24 months of age.
- C. 16 to 20 months of age.
- D. 12 to 16 months of age.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 8 to 12 months of age. Surgical correction for a cleft palate is typically performed around this age to optimize speech development and prevent feeding difficulties. Options B, C, and D suggest later ages for surgery, which may lead to speech and feeding issues due to the delay in correction.
5. A community health nurse is planning a health promotion campaign. What should be the first step?
- A. Developing educational materials
- B. Assessing the needs of the community
- C. Implementing interventions
- D. Evaluating outcomes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct first step in planning a health promotion campaign is to assess the needs of the community. By understanding the community's specific health needs, preferences, and resources, the nurse can tailor the campaign effectively. Developing educational materials (choice A) should come after assessing needs to ensure relevance. Implementing interventions (choice C) and evaluating outcomes (choice D) should also follow the assessment phase to measure the impact of the campaign accurately.