HESI LPN
HESI Mental Health 2023
1. A client with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) spends several hours a day arranging and rearranging items in their room. What is the most therapeutic nursing intervention?
- A. Distract the client with another activity.
- B. Allow the client to continue the behavior.
- C. Set a time limit for the behavior.
- D. Encourage the client to verbalize their feelings.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Encouraging the client to verbalize their feelings is the most therapeutic intervention for a client with OCD spending excessive time on compulsive behaviors. By expressing their feelings, the client can explore the underlying anxiety that drives the compulsion. This intervention also provides an opportunity for the nurse to offer support and help the client develop coping strategies.\n Choice A, distracting the client with another activity, may provide temporary relief but does not address the root cause of the behavior.\n Choice B, allowing the client to continue the behavior, does not promote therapeutic progress and may perpetuate the compulsion.\n Choice C, setting a time limit for the behavior, may create additional stress for the client and does not address the underlying emotional issues associated with OCD.
2. After completing an assessment and determining that a client has a problem, what should the LPN/LVN do next?
- A. Determine the etiology of the problem.
- B. Prioritize nursing care interventions.
- C. Plan appropriate interventions.
- D. Collaborate with the client to set goals.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: After identifying a problem in a client, the next step for the LPN/LVN is to determine the etiology or cause of the problem. Understanding the root cause of the issue is essential as it guides the development of appropriate interventions. Option B, prioritizing nursing care interventions, is premature without knowing the cause of the problem. Option C, planning appropriate interventions, also relies on knowing the etiology first to ensure the interventions directly address the underlying issue. Collaborating with the client to set goals, as mentioned in option D, is important but typically comes after understanding the cause of the problem to ensure the goals are relevant and effective.
3. A nurse working in a community health setting is performing primary health screenings. Which individual is at highest risk for contracting an HIV infection?
- A. A 17-year-old who is sexually active with numerous partners.
- B. A 45-year-old lesbian who has been sexually active with two partners in the past year.
- C. A 30-year-old cocaine user who inhales the drug and works in a topless bar.
- D. A 34-year-old male homosexual who is in a monogamous relationship.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. A 17-year-old who is sexually active with numerous partners is at the highest risk for contracting an HIV infection due to engaging in risky sexual behavior with multiple partners, increasing the likelihood of exposure to the virus. Choice B is less risky as the individual has had a relatively lower number of sexual partners in the past year. Choice C, although involving drug use, does not directly correlate with a higher risk of contracting HIV unless needles are shared. Choice D, a 34-year-old male homosexual in a monogamous relationship, has a lower risk compared to choice A as long as the relationship remains monogamous.
4. What is an essential nursing action when caring for a young child with severe diarrhea?
- A. Maintain the IV.
- B. Take daily weights.
- C. Replace the lost calories.
- D. Promote perianal skin integrity.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Promoting perianal skin integrity is crucial when caring for a young child with severe diarrhea as it helps prevent skin breakdown from the irritation caused by frequent stooling. Maintaining the IV (Choice A) may be necessary but is not directly related to managing perianal skin integrity. Taking daily weights (Choice B) is important for monitoring fluid status but not the priority when addressing perianal skin integrity. While replacing lost calories (Choice C) is essential, promoting perianal skin integrity takes precedence in preventing complications associated with skin breakdown.
5. How much energy is required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1°C?
- A. 10 calories
- B. 100 calories
- C. 1 kilocalorie
- D. 10 kilocalories
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 1 kilocalorie. This is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C. Choice A (10 calories) and Choice D (10 kilocalories) are incorrect as they do not represent the correct unit of measurement for this specific scenario. Choice B (100 calories) is also incorrect as it overestimates the amount of energy required. The specific heat capacity of water is approximately 1 calorie/gram °C, which means that 1 kilogram (1000 grams) of water requires 1 kilocalorie (1000 calories) to raise its temperature by 1°C.